本文選題：國際工程 + 投標(biāo)報(bào)價(jià)　； 參考：《天津大學(xué)》2013年碩士論文

【摘要】：國際工程投標(biāo)報(bào)價(jià)涉及的因素眾多，即使是同一類型和規(guī)模的項(xiàng)目，在不同國家、不同技術(shù)規(guī)范和條件下實(shí)施的造價(jià)可以有很大差別。國內(nèi)廣泛采用的“定額法”報(bào)價(jià)無法準(zhǔn)確反映項(xiàng)目所在國的政治、宗教、經(jīng)濟(jì)形勢(shì)和自然環(huán)境對(duì)成本的影響、也無法反映項(xiàng)目的復(fù)雜程度、技術(shù)難度和市場條件的不同等帶來的成本變化，從而“定額法”報(bào)價(jià)在參與國際工程競爭時(shí)的種種弊端也逐漸暴露出來，給企業(yè)經(jīng)營帶來很大的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。 市場經(jīng)濟(jì)比較發(fā)達(dá)的歐美企業(yè)在參與國際工程競爭時(shí)，多數(shù)是采用“實(shí)物法”報(bào)價(jià)。即以單項(xiàng)工程為研究對(duì)象，根據(jù)業(yè)主要求，按照擬定的施工方案計(jì)算出所需投入的工、料、機(jī)資源的實(shí)際消耗量，從而計(jì)算出施工直接成本；并且根據(jù)準(zhǔn)備投入的管理資源計(jì)算出間接成本，，進(jìn)而得出施工總價(jià)�！皩�(shí)物法”報(bào)價(jià)對(duì)比“定額法”，能夠相對(duì)科學(xué)和準(zhǔn)確地反映在不同施工條件下，工程建設(shè)所需要的資源消耗，體現(xiàn)項(xiàng)目實(shí)施的三大目標(biāo)：質(zhì)量、進(jìn)度和造價(jià)之間的相互關(guān)系，從而使估算的造價(jià)更加接近實(shí)際施工成本。 筆者根據(jù)多年來從事海外項(xiàng)目投標(biāo)的報(bào)價(jià)經(jīng)驗(yàn)，對(duì)“實(shí)物法”報(bào)價(jià)的概念、費(fèi)用組成、報(bào)價(jià)流程和做法進(jìn)行總結(jié)，力求整理出一套適合中國企業(yè)情況的“實(shí)物法”報(bào)價(jià)方法和體系，并提出國際工程項(xiàng)目“實(shí)物法”報(bào)價(jià)的“二步走”方案：首先以整個(gè)工程為研究對(duì)象，根據(jù)業(yè)主要求、施工條件和模擬實(shí)施擬投入的施工資源消耗量，核算出整個(gè)項(xiàng)目的預(yù)算造價(jià)；第二步是以工程量清單中劃定的單項(xiàng)工程為研究對(duì)象，按照一定的原則將第一步中配置的資源合理分配到清單單項(xiàng)工程，進(jìn)行清單單價(jià)分配并得出清單綜合單價(jià)，完成將第一步確定的報(bào)價(jià)總價(jià)和工程量清單報(bào)價(jià)之間的轉(zhuǎn)換。 文章最后通過一個(gè)完整的投標(biāo)案例來對(duì)上述這一方法體系加以說明，闡述“實(shí)物法”報(bào)價(jià)要做什么，怎么做，誰來做，做成之后的結(jié)果是怎么樣的，供投標(biāo)報(bào)價(jià)人員參考，希望更好地普及和推廣“實(shí)物法”報(bào)價(jià)在國內(nèi)外項(xiàng)目中的應(yīng)用。
[Abstract]:There are many factors involved in the international project bidding and quotation. Even for the same type and scale of the project, the cost under different technical specifications and conditions may vary greatly in different countries. The quotation of "quota law", which is widely used in China, cannot accurately reflect the influence of the political, religious, economic and natural environment on the cost of the country in which the project is located, nor can it reflect the complexity of the project. The technical difficulty and the different market conditions bring about the change of cost, so the disadvantages of "quota method" quotation in participating in the international engineering competition are exposed gradually, which brings great risks to the management of the enterprise. When European and American enterprises with more developed market economy participate in international engineering competition, most of them use "material object method" to quote prices. That is to say, take single project as the research object, according to the owner's request, according to the proposed construction plan to calculate the actual consumption of labor, material, machine resources, and thus calculate the direct cost of construction; The indirect cost is calculated according to the management resources to be put in, and the total construction price is obtained. Compared with "quota method", "material method" and "quota method" can relatively scientifically and accurately reflect the consumption of resources required for construction under different construction conditions, and reflect the three major objectives of project implementation: the relationship between quality, progress and cost. Thus, the estimated cost is closer to the actual construction cost. Based on the experience of bidding for overseas projects over the years, the author summarizes the concept, cost composition, bidding process and practice of the "physical method". This paper tries to sort out a set of quotation method and system suitable for Chinese enterprises, and puts forward the "two-step" scheme of international engineering project "physical method": first, take the whole project as the object of study, according to the owner's request, The construction conditions and the consumption of construction resources to be put into practice are simulated, and the budget cost of the whole project is calculated. The second step is to take the single project as the research object, which is defined in the bill of quantities. According to certain principles, the resources allocated in the first step are reasonably allocated to the single item project of the list, and the unit price of the list is allocated and the comprehensive unit price of the list is obtained, so as to complete the conversion between the total price determined in the first step and the quotation of the bill of quantities. At the end of the article, a complete bidding case is used to explain the above method system, expounding what to do, how to do it, who will do it, how to do it, and what the result is after it is made, which is for the reference of the bidder. We hope to popularize and popularize the application of "physical method" quotation in domestic and foreign projects.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：天津大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號(hào)】：TU723.2

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