本文選題：城市濕地 + 植物多樣性��； 參考：《華中農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)》2013年碩士論文

【摘要】：城市濕地已逐步成為城市生態(tài)系統(tǒng)中較為重要的組成部分,對于維護(hù)城市間生態(tài)系統(tǒng)平衡,改善城市的生態(tài)環(huán)境,保護(hù)城市生物多樣性有著極其重要的作用。城市濕地公園是城市濕地生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的具體表現(xiàn)形式之一,具有旅游、休閑、游覽、科普和教育的功能,是最能體現(xiàn)城市濕地的價值。在城市濕地公園的景觀構(gòu)建中,植物是主要要素之一,濕地植物種類的多樣性、數(shù)量的多樣性以及配置質(zhì)量直接關(guān)系到城市濕地公園的整體景觀質(zhì)量。濕地植物作為濕地公園的重要組成成分,是城市濕地系統(tǒng)的關(guān)鍵屬性之一,其結(jié)構(gòu)、功能和生態(tài)特性以及多樣性也能反映城市濕地公園植物生態(tài)景觀的特性。本研究在對城市濕地公園植物多樣性調(diào)查分析的基礎(chǔ)上,分區(qū)域?qū)φ麄�濕地公園的植物景觀做出評價,并對后期濕地公園建設(shè)提出分析建議。研究結(jié)果如下： 1昆明泛亞城市濕地公園公園共有維管束植物233種(含13變種和1變型),隸屬于77科165屬,其中有蕨類植物共計5科5屬5種；種子植物共計72科160屬228種。種子植物中,裸子植物共計3科4屬4種,被子植物共計69科156屬224種。被子植物中,單子葉植物25科68屬115種,雙子葉植物44科88屬109種。 2昆明泛亞城市濕地公園中,禾本科所含屬數(shù)最多,共17屬；其次是菊科、莎草科、豆科、天南星科、玄參科、唇形科和百合科,共計42屬。以上8科在此濕地植物區(qū)系中占有重要位置。 3昆明泛亞城市濕地公園植物各分布類型中,熱帶型的屬共計66屬,比例最大；屬于溫帶型的屬共計46屬。熱帶型屬數(shù)與溫帶型屬數(shù)之比約為1：0.70,這與昆明地處亞熱帶溫度帶的墨西哥氣候型相符合,有一定的植物地帶性特點(diǎn),泛熱帶分布類型所占總屬數(shù)比例最大,也說明昆明植物具有一定的過渡性。 4昆明泛亞城市濕地公園維管束植物中,草本植物占有絕對優(yōu)勢,包括多年生草本、一年生草本和水生草本共計189種,其中,多年生草本植物最多,有86種,占總種數(shù)三分之一以上；其次為水生草本植物和一年生草本植物,分別有63種和40種；喬木、灌木種數(shù)相差不大,分別有17種和18種；半灌木和小半灌木植物最少,僅有4種。 5昆明泛亞城市濕地公園各區(qū)域由于觀賞功能不同,各植物多樣性指標(biāo)存在差異。濕地公園入口區(qū)域,其植物種類較少,分布均勻,呈現(xiàn)出植物豐富度、多樣性較小,均勻度較大的現(xiàn)象；濕地公園重點(diǎn)觀賞區(qū)域,其植物種類較豐富,分布集中,呈現(xiàn)出植物豐富度指數(shù)、多樣性指數(shù)和均勻度指數(shù)達(dá)到中高水平的現(xiàn)象；濕地公園接近出口區(qū)域,相對于入口區(qū)域,其各多樣性指標(biāo)較大,但仍處于中低水平。 6昆明泛亞城市濕地公園在植物景觀營造上個別特點(diǎn)突出,整體存在差異。主要表現(xiàn)為觀賞重點(diǎn)區(qū)域突出、出入口景觀營造不足、水面景觀營造差異較顯著、有成片單一種植物景觀、注重色彩在植物景觀中的應(yīng)用等特點(diǎn)。
[Abstract]:Urban wetland has gradually become an important part of urban ecosystem, which plays an extremely important role in maintaining the balance of ecosystem between cities, improving the ecological environment of the city and protecting the biodiversity of the city. Urban Wetland Park is one of the concrete forms of urban wetland ecosystem. It has the functions of tourism, leisure, tourism, science popularization and education. It is the most effective way to embody the value of urban wetland. In the landscape construction of urban wetland park, plant is one of the main elements. The diversity of wetland plant species, quantity diversity and allocation quality are directly related to the overall landscape quality of urban wetland park. As an important component of wetland park, wetland plant is one of the key attributes of urban wetland system. Its structure, function, ecological characteristics and diversity can also reflect the characteristics of plant ecological landscape in urban wetland park. Based on the investigation and analysis of plant diversity in urban wetland park, the plant landscape of the whole wetland park was evaluated in different regions, and some suggestions were put forward for the construction of wetland park in the later period. The results are as follows: (1) there are 233 species of vascular plants (including 13 varieties and 1 form) belonging to 165 genera of 77 families, including 5 families, 5 genera and 5 species of pteridophytes; There are 228 species of seed plants belonging to 160 genera and 72 families. Among the seed plants, there are 3 families, 4 genera and 4 species of gymnosperms and 224 species of angiosperms belonging to 156 genera and 69 families. Among the angiosperms, there are 115 monocotyledonous plants belonging to 25 families, 68 genera, and 109 dicotyledonous plants belonging to 88 genera and 44 families. Alternaceae, Xanthophyllaceae, Labiatae and Liliaceae, a total of 42 genera. The above 8 families occupy an important position in this wetland flora. 3 among the distribution types of plants in Kunming pan-Asian city wetland park, 66 genera belong to tropical type and 46 genera belong to temperate type. The ratio of tropical type genera to temperate type genera is about 1: 0.70, which coincides with the climate pattern of Mexico in Kunming, which is located in the subtropical temperature zone. It has some plant zonation characteristics, and the pantropical distribution type accounts for the largest proportion of the total genera. It also shows that Kunming plants have a certain transition. 4 among the vascular plants in Kunming Pan-Asian Wetland Park, herbaceous plants have an absolute advantage, including perennial herbs, annual herbs and aquatic herbs, of which 189 species, There were 86 species of perennial herbaceous plants, accounting for more than 1/3 species, 63 species of aquatic herbaceous plants and 40 species of annual herbaceous plants, 17 species and 18 species of trees and shrubs, respectively. Subshrubs and subshrubs were the least, with only 4 species. 5 there were differences in plant diversity in different areas of Kunming pan-Asian city wetland park due to different ornamental functions. In the entrance area of Wetland Park, the species of plants are relatively small and distributed evenly, showing the phenomenon of plant richness, small diversity and greater evenness, while in the key ornamental areas of Wetland Park, the species of plants are abundant and concentrated. The plant richness index, diversity index and evenness index reached the middle and high level, the wetland park was close to the exit area, and its diversity index was larger than that in the entrance area. But it is still in the middle and low level. 6 Kunming pan-Asian city wetland park has some outstanding characteristics in plant landscape construction and there are differences on the whole. The main features are the prominent viewing area, the insufficient construction of entrance and exit landscape, the obvious difference of water surface landscape construction, the characteristics of single plant landscape and the application of color in plant landscape.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華中農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：TU986

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