本文選題：液壓 + 挖掘機��； 參考：《福州大學》2013年碩士論文

【摘要】：整體式多路閥是大中型液壓挖掘機上的關(guān)鍵液壓元件,它在挖掘機液壓系統(tǒng)中控制著油液的流動方向及流量大小,并對控制各執(zhí)行機構(gòu)的啟動、運動速度及動作順序起著十分重要的作用。整體式多路閥在工作中存在壓力損失、振動沖擊及渦流等現(xiàn)象,這些現(xiàn)象均是研究人員所廣泛關(guān)注的問題,上述問題直接影響著整體式多路閥的性能,最終導致挖掘機整機性能變差。為了解決整體式多路閥右行走聯(lián)流道內(nèi)部壓力損失大、能量耗散嚴重、右行走馬達不夠靈敏及振動沖擊等問題,本課題以整體式多路閥右行走聯(lián)進油口(P口)與出油口(B口)間流道為具體研究對象,應用Pro/E軟件建立右行走聯(lián)模型,并基于計算流體動力學方法,對三維流場模型以紊流形式,采用SIMPLEC算法進行計算。通過采用理論分析、數(shù)值模擬及試驗驗證相結(jié)合的研究方法,分別就單向閥與兩工作油口間公共流道的結(jié)構(gòu)參數(shù)對壓力損失、振動沖擊和渦流現(xiàn)象的影響進行了較系統(tǒng)地分析；對如何消除右行走聯(lián)內(nèi)部流道盲孔處的振動沖擊和渦流現(xiàn)象進行了較深入地研究；就不同主閥口形式對主閥口附近流道壓力損失的影響進行了較詳細地探討。結(jié)合單向閥與兩工作油口間公共流道結(jié)構(gòu)參數(shù)的幾何約束條件,采用數(shù)學計算手段,得出了此段流道的制造參數(shù)選配表,為此段流道的性能優(yōu)化提供了一定參考。最后,本課題還就單向閥與兩工作油口間公共流道的一組結(jié)構(gòu)參數(shù)及一種主閥口形式對壓力損失的影響分別進行了試驗驗證,試驗表明：數(shù)值計算結(jié)果與試驗結(jié)果吻合。本文的創(chuàng)新之處在于：相對于只取閥口或局部流道,分析某一參數(shù)對某一性能的影響而言,本課題通過對整體式多路閥右行走聯(lián)內(nèi)部流道進行整體的流動計算,分析一組參數(shù)對多個性能的影響,有利于保證分析的完整性和結(jié)論的精確性。通過各壓力損失位置的對比發(fā)現(xiàn)：液壓閥尤其是擁有復雜流道的多路閥除在主閥芯閥口附近存在較大壓力損失外,在一些節(jié)流現(xiàn)象明顯的局部復雜流道位置壓力損失也較大。通過優(yōu)化相關(guān)結(jié)構(gòu)參數(shù),對右行走聯(lián)性能進行了如下改進：有效降低了內(nèi)部的壓力損失和振動沖擊,減小了其內(nèi)部的渦流尺度和強度,并提出了單向閥至兩工作油口間公共流道制造參數(shù)的選擇范圍。本文研究成果為多路閥優(yōu)化設計提供了理論基礎。
[Abstract]:Integral multiway valve is a key hydraulic component in large and medium hydraulic excavator. It controls the flow direction and flow rate of oil in the hydraulic system of excavator, and starts the control agencies. The speed and sequence of motion play a very important role. There are pressure loss, vibration shock and eddy current phenomena in the work of monolithic multi-way valve. These phenomena are widely concerned by researchers, and these problems directly affect the performance of integral multi-way valve. Finally, the whole performance of excavator becomes worse. In order to solve the problems such as large internal pressure loss, serious energy dissipation, insensitive right walking motor and vibration shock, etc. In this paper, the flow channel between the integral multi-way valve's right running inlet (P) and the outlet (B) is taken as the specific research object. The right walking model is established by using Pro/E software, and based on the computational fluid dynamics method, The three-dimensional flow model is calculated by SIMPLEC algorithm in the form of turbulence. By means of theoretical analysis, numerical simulation and experimental verification, the effects of the structural parameters of the common channel between the one-way valve and the two working oil orifices on the pressure loss, vibration shock and eddy current phenomena are analyzed systematically. In this paper, how to eliminate the vibration shock and eddy current phenomenon in the blind hole of the inner channel of the right walking joint is studied in depth, and the influence of different main valve orifice forms on the pressure loss of the passage near the main valve port is discussed in detail. Combined with the geometric constraints of the common flow channel structure parameters between the one-way valve and the two working oil ports, a mathematical calculation method is used to obtain the selection table of the manufacturing parameters of the flow channel in this section, and a certain reference is provided for the performance optimization of the flow channel in this section. Finally, the effects of a set of structural parameters and a main valve form on the pressure loss of the common channel between the one-way valve and the two working oil ports are verified respectively. The experimental results show that the numerical results are in agreement with the experimental results. The innovation of this paper lies in: compared with only taking the valve port or local flow channel, this paper analyzes the influence of a certain parameter on a certain performance, this subject carries on the overall flow calculation to the integral multi-way valve right to walk the link internal passage. Analyzing the effect of one set of parameters on multiple performance is helpful to ensure the completeness of the analysis and the accuracy of the conclusion. Through the comparison of pressure loss positions, it is found that the pressure loss of hydraulic valve, especially the multi-way valve with complex flow channel, is larger than that of the main valve core valve, and the pressure loss is also larger in some local complex flow channels where the throttling phenomenon is obvious. By optimizing the relevant structural parameters, the performance of the right-hand walking joint is improved as follows: the internal pressure loss and vibration shock are effectively reduced, and the eddy current scale and intensity are reduced. The selection range of manufacturing parameters of common runner between one-way valve and two-working oil port is put forward. The research results in this paper provide a theoretical basis for the optimization design of multi-way valves.
【學位授予單位】：福州大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：TU621

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