本文選題：供水管網(wǎng) + 二次加氯�。� 參考：《浙江大學》2013年博士論文

【摘要】：為了對管網(wǎng)水質(zhì)運行情況進行評價,優(yōu)化管網(wǎng)水質(zhì),本研究中采用擴展余氯-I/O模型和THMs-I/O模型作為計算基礎(chǔ),建立管網(wǎng)水質(zhì)服務水平-加氯總費用多目標優(yōu)化模型。此外,由于水質(zhì)監(jiān)測點在反映實際管網(wǎng)水質(zhì)服務水平時存在誤差,故本論文對管網(wǎng)水質(zhì)服務水平進行了修正。 首先,為使余氯-I/O模型在余氯快慢反應共存時仍適用,并且提高THMs各組分的計算效率,本文推導了擴展余氯-I/O模型和THMs-I/O模型。采用管網(wǎng)末端的飲用水和水廠濾后水各自進行了加氯實驗。結(jié)果表明當初始余氯質(zhì)量濃度大于某個閾值后,快反應在0.5小時內(nèi)基本完成,水質(zhì)監(jiān)測點的余氯質(zhì)量濃度與加氯點上參與慢反應的初始余氯質(zhì)量濃度符合線性比例關(guān)系�；趯嶒灲Y(jié)果,本文提出了擴展余氯-I/O模型的適用條件。在中試管網(wǎng)中驗證擴展余氯-I/O模型,結(jié)果表明擴展余氯-I/O模型優(yōu)于傳統(tǒng)的余氯-I/O模型。采用基于余氯消耗的THMs各組分生成模型擬合THMs各組分的質(zhì)量濃度。考慮溫度、初始余氯質(zhì)量濃度和溴離子質(zhì)量濃度為影響因素,采用正交實驗觀察三因素對模型中的THMs各組分線性比例系數(shù)的影響。實驗結(jié)果表明,THMs各組分線性比例系數(shù)受溴離子質(zhì)量濃度的影響最大,而受溫度和初始余氯質(zhì)量濃度的影響較小。在中試管網(wǎng)中驗證THMs-I/O模型,結(jié)果顯示實測值與預測值間的相對誤差在9%以內(nèi)。 其次,為研究管網(wǎng)水質(zhì)運行情況的評價模型,本文引入余氯服務水平概念,初步探討了管網(wǎng)水質(zhì)服務水平評價函數(shù),改進了二次加氯優(yōu)化模型。參考余氯服務水平和《生活飲用水衛(wèi)生標準》,建立了THMs各組分的服務水平�？紤]加權(quán)平均值、加權(quán)連乘值和加權(quán)標準差三類函數(shù),用于建立關(guān)聯(lián)余氯及THMs各組分服務水平的管網(wǎng)水質(zhì)服務水平表達式。本文采用管網(wǎng)水質(zhì)服務水平-加氯總費用多目標模型對管網(wǎng)水質(zhì)運行情況進行評價。結(jié)合一管網(wǎng)算例,采用EPANET_MSX模擬余氯衰減和THMs各組分生成,利用實數(shù)編碼的非支配排序遺傳算法(NSGA-Ⅱ)進行優(yōu)化,得到各種情況下的Pareto前沿面。計算結(jié)果表明,加權(quán)平均表達式為關(guān)聯(lián)余氯和THMs服務水平的最優(yōu)方式。二次加氯點布置于水塔出水口和管網(wǎng)末端即可,過多的二次加氯點不僅不能顯著提高管網(wǎng)水質(zhì)服務水平,還會加大加氯總費用。余氯衰減系數(shù)對pareto面的影響最大,故改善水質(zhì)更換老舊管道是提高管網(wǎng)水質(zhì)服務水平且節(jié)省加氯總費用最可行的方法。 最后,本文研究了水質(zhì)監(jiān)測點在反映實際管網(wǎng)水質(zhì)服務水平時存在誤差的現(xiàn)象,探討了管網(wǎng)水質(zhì)服務水平的修正。模擬結(jié)果表明,隨著水質(zhì)監(jiān)測點數(shù)量的增加,誤差有減小的趨勢,但不呈現(xiàn)單調(diào)遞減。當水質(zhì)監(jiān)測點數(shù)量較多時,誤差可忽略。論文比較了水質(zhì)監(jiān)測點覆蓋率和水質(zhì)監(jiān)測點數(shù)量占管網(wǎng)節(jié)點總數(shù)的比率擬合誤差的效果,結(jié)果顯示后者較優(yōu)。通過一大型管網(wǎng)驗證,結(jié)果表明修正后的管網(wǎng)水質(zhì)服務水平更加接近于實際管網(wǎng)水質(zhì)服務水平。 本論文得到了水體污染控制與治理重大專項：飲用水水質(zhì)監(jiān)控預警及應急技術(shù)研究與示范(2008ZX07420-004)、潮汐影響地區(qū)飲用水安全保障技術(shù)集成與示范(2009ZX07424-001)和山地丘陵城市飲用水安全保障共性技術(shù)研究與示范(2009ZX07424-004)以及國家自然科學基金(51208455)的資助。
[Abstract]:In order to evaluate the water quality of the pipe network and optimize the water quality of the pipe network, the extended chlorine -I/O model and the THMs-I/O model are used as the calculation basis to establish the multi-objective optimization model of the total cost of the water quality service of the pipe network. In addition, the water quality monitoring point has errors when it reflects the water quality service level of the actual pipe network. The paper revise the water quality service level of the pipe network.
First, in order to make the residual chlorine -I/O model applicable to the coexistence of the fast and slow reaction of the residual chlorine, and to improve the calculation efficiency of the THMs components, the extended residual chlorine -I/O model and the THMs-I/O model are derived. The experiment of adding chlorine at the end of the pipe network and the filtered water in the water plant is carried out respectively. The results show that the initial chlorine mass concentration is greater than a certain threshold. After 0.5 hours, the fast reaction is basically completed in 0.5 hours. The concentration of residual chlorine in the water quality monitoring point is in linear proportion with the initial chlorine mass concentration in the slow reaction on the chlorine point. Based on the experimental results, the application conditions of the extended residual chlorine model are proposed. The extended residual chlorine -I/O model is verified in the medium test tube network, and the result shows the expansion surplus. The chlorine -I/O model is superior to the traditional residual chlorine -I/O model. The mass concentration of THMs components is fitted by the THMs component generation model based on the waste chlorine consumption. Considering the temperature, the initial chlorine mass concentration and the bromine ion mass concentration as the influencing factors, the orthogonal experiment is used to observe the influence of the three factors on the proportion coefficient of THMs in the model. The experimental results show that the proportion coefficient of THMs in each group is most affected by the mass concentration of bromine ion, but less influenced by the temperature and the mass of the initial chlorine. The THMs-I/O model is verified in the tube network. The results show that the relative error between the measured value and the predicted value is less than 9%.
Secondly, in order to study the evaluation model of the water quality of the pipe network, this paper introduces the concept of residual chlorine service level, preliminarily discusses the evaluation function of the water quality service level of the pipe network, and improves the two chlorine optimization model. The service level of the THMs components is established with reference to the level of residual chlorine service and the hygienic standard of drinking water, and the weighted average value is considered. Three functions of weight and weighted standard deviation are used to establish the expression of water quality service level for the network of associated chlorine and THMs components. In this paper, the water quality operation of the pipe network is evaluated by the multi objective model of the total cost of the water quality service of the pipe network and the total cost of the total cost of chlorine. A network calculation example is used to simulate the decay of residual chlorine and T. HMs components are generated and optimized using the real coded non dominated sorting genetic algorithm (NSGA- II) to get the Pareto frontiers in various cases. The calculation results show that the weighted average expression is the best way of the associated residual chlorine and the THMs service level. The two addition of chlorine points is arranged at the outlet of the water tower and the end of the pipe network, and the excess of two times is added. Chlorine point not only can not significantly improve the water quality service level of the pipe network, but also increase the total chlorine cost. The effect of residual chlorine attenuation coefficient on Pareto surface is the most. Therefore, it is the most feasible way to improve the quality of the pipe network and to save the total chlorine cost by improving the quality of the old pipes.
At last, this paper studies the phenomenon that the water quality monitoring point has errors when it reflects the water quality service level of the actual pipe network, and discusses the correction of the water quality service level of the pipe network. The simulation results show that the error has a decreasing trend with the increase of the quantity of water quality monitoring points, but it does not decrease monotonically. The paper compares the effect of the ratio of water quality monitoring point coverage and the quantity of water quality monitoring points to the proportion of the total number of nodes in the pipe network. The results show that the latter is better. The results show that the water quality service level of the revised pipe network is closer to the water quality service level of the actual pipe network.
This paper has been given a major project for water pollution control and control: the research and demonstration of drinking water quality monitoring, early warning and emergency technology (2008ZX07420-004), integration and demonstration of drinking water safety protection technology in tidal areas (2009ZX07424-001) and common technology research and demonstration of drinking water security in Hilly and hilly cities (2009ZX07424-004) And funding from the National Natural Science Foundation (51208455).
【學位授予單位】：浙江大學
【學位級別】：博士
【學位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：TU991.21

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