本文選題：室外熱環(huán)境 + 夏熱冬冷地區(qū)��； 參考：《長沙理工大學》2013年碩士論文

【摘要】：隨著城市的快速發(fā)展，城市人口急速增加同時也引起了住房需求的擴大。城市的土地越來越稀缺迫使建筑通過發(fā)展高層住宅的形式來彌補這一缺口。這種噴井式的爆發(fā)趨勢，也引發(fā)了許多問題，集中表現(xiàn)在建筑能耗的增高以及舒適性的降低。我國幅員遼闊，南北跨緯度較大導(dǎo)致氣候特征差異性也很大。在目前在室外熱環(huán)境研究中，大多數(shù)學者將研究重點放在有采暖需求的北方嚴寒和寒冷地區(qū)，而針對夏季和冬季環(huán)境調(diào)節(jié)難度較大的夏熱冬冷地區(qū)的研究相對較少。 在目前室外熱環(huán)境的研究中，主要關(guān)注分析住宅室外熱環(huán)境的各種影響因素，并沒有從立體空間尺度來定量地揭示不同建筑分布形式室外熱環(huán)境的分布規(guī)律；再者室外熱環(huán)境的研究著重于某一單獨建筑群，缺乏對于某一地區(qū)的針對性，借鑒性不高；忽略了冬季室外環(huán)境中可能出現(xiàn)的室外人體吹風感強的問題。本文研究選定具有代表性的夏熱冬冷地區(qū)的高層住宅小區(qū)，從立體的空間尺度來整體地揭示住區(qū)不同建筑布局室外熱環(huán)境的分布規(guī)律；摒棄對單棟建筑為研究對象的方法，轉(zhuǎn)而以具有代表性的典型住宅形式入手進行研究。和以往單單只是著重于夏季的室外熱環(huán)境研究不同，也針對冬季與夏季室外熱環(huán)境影響因素的不同（主要是綠化率），對冬季室外熱環(huán)境進行了研究分析。旨在由特殊性研究出發(fā)，在研究過程中找到相關(guān)共性。模擬階段按氣候特征的不同分為夏季和冬季兩個階段，綜合考慮流場、溫度場兩個因素，對周邊熱環(huán)境進行模擬。 目前針對室外熱環(huán)境的主要研究方式有：模型試驗、現(xiàn)場實測和數(shù)值模擬。本文主要采取數(shù)值模擬為主，利用現(xiàn)場實測數(shù)據(jù)來驗?zāi)M的可靠性。數(shù)值模擬是以計算流體力學為理論基礎(chǔ)，通過求解流體力學和傳熱學方程組，，用計算機圖形技術(shù)形象直觀地描述空間流場的物理參數(shù)（風速、溫度等）。數(shù)值模擬的優(yōu)點在于經(jīng)濟性好、預(yù)見性強、工作量小。 經(jīng)數(shù)值模擬及現(xiàn)場實測數(shù)據(jù)對比得出以下結(jié)論：夏季情況下，各建筑朝向均處于當?shù)刂鲗?dǎo)朝向范圍內(nèi)，基本呈南北向，有利于空氣流通；但是在夏季主導(dǎo)風向情況下，隨著太陽輻射的增強，建筑區(qū)域內(nèi)最容易出現(xiàn)局部渦流的問題。因此在建筑規(guī)劃中應(yīng)當注意容易出現(xiàn)局部熱環(huán)境問題的區(qū)域，進行局部處理；冬季情況有綠化的情況下，在樓層高大約15米左右的范圍內(nèi)溫度變化比較均勻；而在考慮冬季綠色植被凋零的情況下，在樓層大約0 29米的范圍內(nèi)，建筑表面基本都處在溫度較低的狀態(tài)，溫度相差1 2℃。而在高層范圍內(nèi)，墻體溫度主要取決于太陽輻射強度，與下墊面綠化植被無關(guān)。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of the city, the rapid increase of urban population has also caused the expansion of housing demand. Urban land scarcity forces buildings to fill the gap by developing high-rise housing. This blowout trend also leads to a lot of problems, mainly reflected in the increase of building energy consumption and the decrease of comfortableness. Our country has a vast territory, and the translatitude of north and south lead to great difference of climate characteristics. At present, in the outdoor thermal environment research, most scholars focus on the northern cold and cold areas with heating demand, but the research on the summer and winter environment adjustment is relatively less difficult in hot summer and cold winter areas. In the current research of outdoor thermal environment, the main concern is to analyze the influence factors of residential outdoor thermal environment, and not to reveal quantitatively the distribution law of outdoor thermal environment in different architectural distribution forms from three-dimensional space scale. Furthermore, the study of outdoor thermal environment focuses on a single building group, which lacks the pertinence to a certain area and is not good for reference; it ignores the problem of strong sense of outdoor air blowing that may occur in outdoor environment in winter. In this paper, the representative high-rise residential district in hot summer and cold winter area is selected to reveal the distribution law of outdoor thermal environment in different building layout of residential area from three-dimensional space scale, and the method of single building as research object is abandoned. Turn to the representative of the typical form of housing to begin with the study. The outdoor thermal environment in winter is studied and analyzed according to the different factors (mainly green rate) between winter and summer, which only focus on the outdoor thermal environment in summer. The purpose of this paper is to find the relevant commonalities in the course of the research based on the particularity research. The simulation stage is divided into summer stage and winter stage according to the climate characteristics. The thermal environment is simulated by considering two factors: flow field and temperature field. At present, the main research methods for outdoor thermal environment are: model test, field measurement and numerical simulation. In this paper, numerical simulation is mainly used, and the reliability of the simulation is verified by the field measured data. Numerical simulation is based on the theory of computational fluid dynamics. By solving the equations of fluid mechanics and heat transfer, the physical parameters (wind speed, temperature, etc.) of space flow field are described visually by computer graphics technology. The advantages of numerical simulation are good economy, high predictability and small workload. Through the comparison of numerical simulation and field measured data, the following conclusions are drawn: in summer, all the building orientations are within the range of local dominant orientation, which is basically north-south, which is beneficial to air circulation, but in the case of dominant wind direction in summer, With the increase of solar radiation, the problem of local eddy current is most likely to occur in the building area. Therefore, in building planning, attention should be paid to the areas prone to local thermal environmental problems, and local treatment should be carried out. In the case of greening in winter, the temperature changes are more uniform in the range of about 15 meters above the floor. In the case of green vegetation withering in winter, the building surface is basically in a low temperature state with a temperature difference of 1 ~ 2 鈩

本文編號：1918378