本文選題：云南傳統(tǒng)民居 + 木構(gòu)架　； 參考：《昆明理工大學(xué)》2013年碩士論文

【摘要】：作為民居形態(tài)各構(gòu)成部分的技術(shù)核心,云南傳統(tǒng)民居木構(gòu)架體系表現(xiàn)出強(qiáng)烈的地域特征,所謂“出于斯長(zhǎng)于斯”,與云南各地的地域環(huán)境融為一體,成為地理名片。云南傳統(tǒng)民居木構(gòu)架不僅代表著地方傳統(tǒng)建筑體系的智慧和技藝,也是云南地方傳統(tǒng)文化的一種物質(zhì)化反映。 本論文以當(dāng)前時(shí)空背景下云南城鎮(zhèn)和鄉(xiāng)村住屋更新進(jìn)程中不可避免的結(jié)構(gòu)、材料和技術(shù)變革等現(xiàn)狀為現(xiàn)實(shí)出發(fā)點(diǎn),在對(duì)既有材料和文獻(xiàn)的收集、歸納、翻譯、分類比較和相關(guān)的田野調(diào)查的基礎(chǔ)上,試圖以類型學(xué)、拓?fù)鋵W(xué)的視角對(duì)云南傳統(tǒng)民居木構(gòu)架的主要類型、歷史演進(jìn)、建構(gòu)邏輯進(jìn)行系統(tǒng)深入的理解；通過對(duì)構(gòu)架、地區(qū)、民族三元化系統(tǒng)比較,找出傳統(tǒng)民居木構(gòu)架中的恒量(共性),并分析各種變量(差異)產(chǎn)生的根據(jù)(成因)。重點(diǎn)針對(duì)一些具有地區(qū)和民族代表性的傳統(tǒng)民居木構(gòu)架進(jìn)行系統(tǒng)分類和解析,通過對(duì)各地區(qū)、各民族的傳統(tǒng)民居木構(gòu)架的多元性(Diversity)、多發(fā)性(Multiplicity)等特點(diǎn)以及傳統(tǒng)民居木構(gòu)架的營(yíng)造匠意的剖析,探討云南傳統(tǒng)民居木構(gòu)架與自然環(huán)境、社會(huì)文化和經(jīng)濟(jì)技術(shù)幾個(gè)因素的關(guān)系,從比較中發(fā)現(xiàn)不同木構(gòu)架類型中存在的連續(xù)性和差異性,總結(jié)出傳統(tǒng)民居木構(gòu)架的地方性模式語言,一方面加深對(duì)傳統(tǒng)民居木構(gòu)架體系的系統(tǒng)歸納與再認(rèn)識(shí),另一方面也希望所總結(jié)出的傳統(tǒng)民居木構(gòu)架對(duì)“新民居”、新地域主義(Neo-regionalism)創(chuàng)作給予借鑒和啟發(fā),進(jìn)而對(duì)傳統(tǒng)民居的保護(hù)、傳承發(fā)揮一定的作用,將地域建筑的遺傳因子、傳統(tǒng)建筑語言延續(xù)下來。 云南傳統(tǒng)民居木構(gòu)架類型分化是“原型”(Archetype)生成“變型”(Variant)的過程。立足于類型學(xué)的分析方法,按照結(jié)構(gòu)和空間特征,將這些木構(gòu)架劃分到：干欄式木構(gòu)架、井干式木構(gòu)架、密梁式平頂木構(gòu)架、漢式合院民居木構(gòu)架等四個(gè)范疇,尋找同一性和差異性；運(yùn)用拓?fù)渥兓?探討時(shí)空維度下木構(gòu)架衍化的連續(xù)性。 干欄式木構(gòu)架體系具有調(diào)節(jié)微氣候的建構(gòu)智慧,表現(xiàn)出地域分化下的影響,架空形式、接地方式、技術(shù)選擇等的變化,以及與其他構(gòu)架體系的混合同樣演變出不同類型。井干式木構(gòu)架體系作為古氐羌民族廣泛使用的民居形式,在復(fù)雜的作用因素下,按用材、構(gòu)成形式和與山地結(jié)合等分類分析,整理歸納該構(gòu)架體系對(duì)云南本土多元化的適應(yīng)性特征。密梁式平頂木構(gòu)架被歸為兩類,滇中和滇南的彝族、哈尼族的“土掌房”和“蘑菇房”是云南干熱地區(qū)的適應(yīng)機(jī)制；而滇西北藏族土庫(kù)房的密梁式平頂構(gòu)架則是干冷地區(qū)的另一種反應(yīng)。通過比較,總結(jié)出構(gòu)架體系對(duì)氣候地理等客觀因素的適應(yīng)模式。各地的漢式合院民居木構(gòu)架具有諸多共同的“原型”特征,論文以滇中、滇西、滇南、滇東北四個(gè)地區(qū)為坐標(biāo),分別闡述多因素綜合作用下的木構(gòu)架原型及演化特征,試圖比較得出表象下的隱形邏輯。論文最后對(duì)傳統(tǒng)民居在擇地、擇向、擇時(shí)、備料、尺度等建筑活動(dòng)中遵循的思維范式進(jìn)行總結(jié),并從符號(hào)學(xué)轉(zhuǎn)譯的角度剖析構(gòu)架體系內(nèi)在表達(dá)的特定地理?xiàng)l件和文化觀念。本論文將對(duì)時(shí)下及未來的民間技藝傳承和保護(hù)工作起到一定的作用,對(duì)保持云南民居文化的多樣性的價(jià)值和當(dāng)代地域建筑創(chuàng)作提供理論和實(shí)踐上的借鑒。
[Abstract]:As the technical core of the various components of the form of the residence, the traditional wooden frame system in Yunnan has shown strong regional characteristics. The so-called "out of Si is long Yu", integrated with the regional environment in all parts of Yunnan and became a geographical card. The traditional wooden frame of Yunnan not only represents the wisdom and skill of the local traditional architecture system, but also the technology of the local traditional architecture system. A materialized reflection of the local traditional culture in Yunnan.
Based on the current situation of the inevitable structure of Yunnan urban and rural housing renewal process under the current space-time background, the present situation of material and technological change is the starting point. On the basis of the collection, induction, translation, classification comparison and related field investigation of the existing materials and literature, the paper tries to make the Yunnan tradition in the perspective of typology and topology. The main types, historical evolution and construction logic of the residential wooden frame are understood in a systematic and thorough way. Through the comparison of the structure, area and national three yuan system, we find out the constant (commonness) in the traditional residential wooden frame and analyze the basis of the various variables (the difference). The systematic classification and analysis of the wooden frame, through the analysis of the diversity (Diversity), Multiplicity, and the craftsmen of the traditional dwellings of the traditional dwellings of various ethnic groups, as well as the construction craftsmen of the traditional dwellings, discussed the relationship between the wooden frame of the traditional dwellings in Yunnan and the natural environment, the social culture and the economic and technological factors. From the comparison, we found the continuity and difference of the different wooden frame types, summed up the local model language of the traditional dwellings wooden frame. On the one hand, it deepened the systematic induction and recognition of the traditional dwellings wooden frame system. On the other hand, it also hoped that the traditional dwellings and wooden frames summed up to the "new dwellings", the New Regionalism (Neo-re Gionalism) the creation of the reference and inspiration, and then the protection of traditional folk houses, inheritance play a certain role, the genetic factor of regional architecture, the traditional architectural language continued.
The differentiation of wooden frame types in Yunnan traditional dwellings is the process of "prototype" (Archetype) to produce "Variant". Based on the analysis method of typology, according to the structure and spatial characteristics, these wooden frames are divided into four categories: dry column wooden frame, dry wood frame, dense beam flat roof frame, Han style courtyard house frame and so on. In order to find identity and difference, the continuity of wood frame evolution in time and space dimensions is discussed by using topological change principle.
The dry wooden frame system has the construction wisdom to regulate the microclimate, shows the changes under the regional differentiation, the aerial form, the grounding mode, the technology choice and so on, as well as the different types of mixing with the other structural systems. The well dry wooden frame system is used as a popular form of residence in the ancient Di and Qiang ethnic groups, and in complex works According to the factors, according to the classification analysis of the timber, the form and the combination with the mountain area, the adaptability characteristics of the structural system for Yunnan local pluralism are summarized and summed up. The MMI beam type flat top timber frame is classified as two types, the Yi people in Yunnan and southern Yunnan, the "earth Palm House" and "mushroom house" of the Hani nationality are the adaptation mechanism of the Yunnan dry hot area; and Western Yunnan. The dense beam flat top frame of the northern Tibetan soil reservoir is another reaction in the dry and cold area. Through comparison, the paper summarizes the adaptation mode of the frame system to the objective factors of climate and geography. The wooden frame of the Han style courtyard house has many common "Archetype" features, and the paper is divided into four regions in Central Yunnan, western Yunnan, South Yunnan and Northeast Yunnan. Do not elaborate the prototype and evolution characteristics of the wooden frame under multi factor combined effect, try to compare the invisible logic under the image. Finally, the thesis summarizes the thinking paradigm of traditional residence in the architectural activities such as selection, selection, selection, preparation, scale and so on, and analyses the specific area of the internal expression of the frame system from the angle of translation of semiotics. This paper will play a certain role in the inheritance and protection of folk art in the future and in the future, and will provide a theoretical and practical reference to the value of maintaining the diversity of Yunnan folk culture and the creation of contemporary regional architecture.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：昆明理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號(hào)】：TU253

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