本文選題：中東鐵路 + 附屬地��； 參考：《哈爾濱工業(yè)大學(xué)》2013年碩士論文

【摘要】：十九世紀(jì)末二十世紀(jì)初，沙俄在中國(guó)的領(lǐng)土上修建一條貫穿遼寧、吉林、黑龍江、內(nèi)蒙古四省并直達(dá)海參崴的“T”字形鐵路，即為“大清東省鐵路”，后簡(jiǎn)稱“中東鐵路”。這條鐵路由沙俄設(shè)計(jì)并主持建設(shè)，它的建成推動(dòng)了地區(qū)城市化進(jìn)程，并在沿線建造了大量的鐵路和生活類建筑。在建設(shè)中引入最先進(jìn)的建筑技術(shù)和流行的藝術(shù)風(fēng)格，使得建筑兼具使用價(jià)值和藝術(shù)價(jià)值。 論文從美學(xué)的角度對(duì)中東鐵路磚石建筑所呈現(xiàn)的特征進(jìn)行解析。“美”這一虛無(wú)縹緲的概念，落于固定的建筑載體之上，可以被感觸得到。在對(duì)中東鐵路沿線歷史建筑研究的過(guò)程中發(fā)現(xiàn)這些建筑所具有的特異之美，包含著時(shí)代的特點(diǎn)、地域性的反饋以及人為的引導(dǎo)�！懊馈庇伞靶问健保碍h(huán)境”，“技術(shù)”，“心理”這四個(gè)方面的內(nèi)容來(lái)決定。“形式”即指建筑形式方面的規(guī)律和形態(tài)的研究；“環(huán)境”即自然與社會(huì)環(huán)境對(duì)建筑美的影響；“技術(shù)”與建筑的美從來(lái)都是相依相伴的，建筑的技術(shù)支持建筑美的實(shí)現(xiàn)，是對(duì)“技與藝”結(jié)合的研究；“心理”即是美在觀者心理知覺(jué)上的感受。本文將這四項(xiàng)基本內(nèi)容隱含在文章之中，并且對(duì)解析建筑美的總體脈絡(luò)進(jìn)行重新梳理。對(duì)于美的思想與手法形式方面的研究正符合論文題目中的“審美意匠”的范疇。 以二元視角切入，從“理性”與“感性”兩個(gè)相悖的角度對(duì)中東鐵路干線附屬地磚石建筑的美加以詮釋。對(duì)于形體，沙俄設(shè)計(jì)師多以理性的方式建構(gòu)。本文從最基礎(chǔ)的體量組合開(kāi)始到立面構(gòu)圖的運(yùn)算系統(tǒng)，再到立面構(gòu)圖的比例尺度，，以層層遞進(jìn)的方式對(duì)理性之“形”加以闡述分析。文章提出群集和次級(jí)系統(tǒng)的概念，對(duì)立面構(gòu)圖分層次地解讀。以幾何方式分析構(gòu)圖原則，得出建筑勻稱、均衡之美的數(shù)理依據(jù)。正是上述的這些共性的組合特征形成了標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化的鐵路沿線建筑。對(duì)于式樣，鐵路附屬地建筑充分地表現(xiàn)出了“感性”之美。對(duì)感性之美的闡釋主要從材質(zhì)、裝飾以及建筑的圖底關(guān)系三個(gè)方面進(jìn)行。回歸到建筑最本質(zhì)的材質(zhì)，以材料的肌理和組合營(yíng)造最初的美的構(gòu)架。分層次地對(duì)附加性的裝飾美加以歸納，意圖展現(xiàn)建筑的不同特征。重視觀者的視覺(jué)感知，利用建筑立面的圖底關(guān)系豐富建筑給人的直觀認(rèn)識(shí)。 對(duì)中東鐵路附屬地磚石建筑的美學(xué)研究過(guò)程，同時(shí)也是一個(gè)“正”與“反”的思辨過(guò)程。論文使用了類型學(xué)、幾何分析、數(shù)理研究和心理學(xué)等各種跨學(xué)科研究方法，確保研究的邏輯性。
[Abstract]:At the end of the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th century, Czarist Russia built a "T" railway running through Liaoning, Jilin, Heilongjiang and Inner Mongolia provinces and directly to Vladivostok on the territory of China, that is, the "Eastern Province Railway in the Qing Dynasty", which was later referred to as "the Middle East Railway". The railway was designed and built by Czarist Russia, which promoted the urbanization of the region and built a large number of railways and living buildings along the route. The introduction of the most advanced architectural technology and popular artistic style in the construction makes the architecture have both practical and artistic value. This paper analyzes the characteristics of Middle East railway masonry architecture from the point of view of aesthetics. The ethereal concept of beauty, which falls on a fixed architectural carrier, can be felt. In the course of studying the historical buildings along the Middle East railway, we find that the special beauty of these buildings includes the characteristics of the times, regional feedback and artificial guidance. Beauty is determined by four aspects: form, environment, technology and psychology. "form" means the study of the law and form of architectural form; "environment" is the influence of natural and social environment on architectural beauty; "technology" and architectural beauty are always dependent on each other, and architectural technology supports the realization of architectural beauty. "Psychology" is the feeling of beauty in the psychological perception of the viewer. In this paper, the four basic contents are hidden in the article, and the analysis of the overall context of architectural beauty is rearranged. The research on the thought and form of beauty accords with the category of "aesthetic craftsman" in the title of the thesis. From the angle of view of duality, this paper interprets the beauty of the brick and stone buildings attached to the railway trunk line in the Middle East from the angle of "rationality" and "sensibility". For the shape, Russian designers more rational way to construct. In this paper, from the most basic volume combination to the operation system of vertical composition, and then to the scale of vertical composition, the rational "shape" is expounded and analyzed in a progressive manner. In this paper, the concepts of cluster and secondary system are put forward, and the contralateral composition is interpreted at different levels. The mathematical basis of the beauty of symmetry and balance of buildings is obtained by analyzing the principle of composition in geometric way. It is these common characteristics of the combination of the formation of standardized construction along the railway. As for the style, the buildings attached to the railway show the beauty of sensibility. The interpretation of sensual beauty is mainly from three aspects: material, decoration and the relationship between the drawing and bottom of architecture. Return to the most essential materials of the building, with the texture and combination of materials to create the initial beauty of the frame. In order to show the different features of architecture, the additional decorative beauty is summed up in different levels. Pay attention to the visual perception of the viewer and enrich the visual understanding of the building by using the relationship between the building facade and the bottom. The aesthetic research process of the middle east railway adjunct floor tile and stone building is also a process of "positive" and "anti". Various interdisciplinary research methods, such as typology, geometric analysis, mathematical research and psychology, are used to ensure the logic of the research.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：哈爾濱工業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號(hào)】：TU365;TU-80

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