本文選題：市政再生水 + 電廠循環(huán)冷卻水��； 參考：《北京交通大學(xué)》2013年博士論文

【摘要】：采用市政再生水作為電廠循環(huán)冷卻水的補(bǔ)水水源是我國解決城市水危機(jī)的關(guān)鍵措施之一。與自然水體相比,市政再生水中微生物數(shù)量多,有機(jī)物和營養(yǎng)物質(zhì)含量高,采用市政再生水作為補(bǔ)水水源,電廠循環(huán)冷卻水系統(tǒng)將面臨更為復(fù)雜的微生物問題。 本文在常規(guī)水質(zhì)和微生物指標(biāo)分析的基礎(chǔ)上,綜合應(yīng)用現(xiàn)代分子生物學(xué)DNA技術(shù)、電化學(xué)分析和掃描電鏡技術(shù),實(shí)驗(yàn)室研究與現(xiàn)場試驗(yàn)相結(jié)合,首次系統(tǒng)全面地研究了市政再生水補(bǔ)水的電廠循環(huán)冷卻水系統(tǒng)的水質(zhì)特征、微生物特征、微生物對金屬腐蝕行為的影響以及微生物化學(xué)控制技術(shù),主要結(jié)論如下： (1)根據(jù)23項(xiàng)水質(zhì)指標(biāo)的全分析結(jié)果,市政再生水中電導(dǎo)率、TDS、氯離子、表面活性劑含量是地表水的2～4倍,CODMn、總磷、溶解性總磷、溶解性正磷、總氮含量是地表水的1.5-2倍,細(xì)菌總數(shù)高1個(gè)數(shù)量級(jí),表明采用市政再生水替代地表水作為補(bǔ)水水源,電廠循環(huán)冷卻水系統(tǒng)的結(jié)垢趨勢減緩,但腐蝕程度和微生物風(fēng)險(xiǎn)增大。 (2)市政再生水補(bǔ)水的電廠循環(huán)冷卻水系統(tǒng)中,增大濃縮倍數(shù),氯離子、電導(dǎo)率、硬度、硫酸根濃度成倍增加,濁度略有增加,鐵離子濃度不變,表明水質(zhì)的腐蝕性增強(qiáng),析晶垢、顆粒垢、沉積物增多；CODMn濃度增加,氨氮濃度降低,表明硝化和亞硝化自養(yǎng)菌的代謝速率高于異養(yǎng)菌。升高溫度,水中的硬度、濁度、正磷酸根濃度降低,表明析晶垢、微粒垢增多；CODMn濃度持續(xù)下降,氨氮濃度趨于穩(wěn)定,異養(yǎng)菌數(shù)量大幅增長,因堿度降低,硝化菌和亞硝化菌的生長受到限制。 (3)市政再生水中污垢產(chǎn)量比地表水低44%,但單位質(zhì)量污垢中的細(xì)菌總數(shù)和鐵細(xì)菌含量分別是地表水的8.6倍和2.7倍,表明市政再生水替代地表水作為補(bǔ)水水源,電廠循環(huán)冷卻水系統(tǒng)的污垢產(chǎn)量降低,但微生物腐蝕的影響增大。電鏡掃描圖片顯示,碳鋼在地表水中以均勻腐蝕為主,市政再生水中則為點(diǎn)蝕。 (4)市政再生水補(bǔ)水的電廠循環(huán)冷卻水系統(tǒng)中,濃縮倍數(shù)和溫度增加,污垢量增大,因此系統(tǒng)傳熱阻力和能耗損失增加。流速提高,污垢量變化不大,但污垢熱阻升高,粘附率提高,剪切作用使污垢的密實(shí)度和粘附性能增強(qiáng),機(jī)械清除難度增大。微生物對系統(tǒng)最不利的運(yùn)行條件是：濃縮倍數(shù)4.0倍、溫度35℃、流速0.8m/s～1.0m/s。添加緩蝕阻垢劑后,循環(huán)冷卻水中有機(jī)物增加了92%,磷含量增大了43.5倍,因此導(dǎo)致污垢產(chǎn)量增加40%,污垢中粘液形成菌、異養(yǎng)菌總數(shù)增加80%,表明緩蝕阻垢劑導(dǎo)致微生物風(fēng)險(xiǎn)加劇。 (5)市政再生水含有懸浮微生物28種,優(yōu)勢菌種隸屬于變形菌門β-變形菌綱的嗜甲基菌科。進(jìn)入循環(huán)冷卻水系統(tǒng)后,懸浮和固定微生物的物種分別為18種和44種,優(yōu)勢菌種仍然隸屬于變形菌門的β-變形菌綱。添加水處理藥劑后,循環(huán)冷卻水中懸浮微生物種數(shù)為38種,菌種的數(shù)量分布較為均勻,優(yōu)勢菌種轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)殡`屬于厚壁菌門的葡萄球菌科,微生物種群結(jié)構(gòu)改變的主要原因是循環(huán)水中有機(jī)物和磷含量的大幅增加。 (6)市政再生水補(bǔ)水的電廠循環(huán)冷卻水系統(tǒng)中,雖然碳鋼腐蝕最嚴(yán)重、不銹鋼腐蝕最輕,但微生物對不銹鋼腐蝕的影響卻最大。以15d的平均腐蝕率計(jì)算,不銹鋼MIC所占的比例為36.36%,是碳鋼的1.6倍,黃銅的2.4倍。電鏡掃描結(jié)果表明,不銹鋼點(diǎn)蝕造成的微生物分布不均,可能是其MIC腐蝕嚴(yán)重的主要原因。 (7)市政再生水補(bǔ)水的電廠循環(huán)冷卻水系統(tǒng)中,微生物化學(xué)控制技術(shù)研究結(jié)果表明,與異噻唑啉酮、生物分散劑DREWSPERSE738相比,氯錠和次氯酸鈉對懸浮和固定微生物的作用效果最優(yōu)。結(jié)合實(shí)際,建議采用氯錠為微生物控制藥劑,同時(shí)根據(jù)其對細(xì)菌總數(shù)、鐵細(xì)菌和硫酸鹽還原菌的有效作用時(shí)間試驗(yàn)結(jié)果,確定其投加周期為3天。正交試驗(yàn)的結(jié)果顯示,增加阻垢緩蝕劑,碳鋼緩蝕劑和黃銅緩蝕的投加劑量,氯錠的殺菌率會(huì)相應(yīng)增加。通過現(xiàn)場動(dòng)態(tài)中試試驗(yàn),提出微生物化學(xué)控制投藥參數(shù)為：氯錠150mg/L,阻垢緩蝕劑8mg/L,黃銅緩蝕劑6mg/L,碳鋼緩蝕劑6mg/L。
[Abstract]:Municipal Reclaimed water is one of the key measures to solve the urban water crisis in China, which is one of the key measures to solve the urban water crisis in our country. Compared with the natural water body, the number of microbes in the Municipal Reclaimed Water, the high content of organic matter and nutrients, the use of Municipal Reclaimed Water as water supply source, the circulating cooling water system of the power plant will be more complicated. Microbial problems.
Based on the analysis of conventional water quality and microbiological indexes, the modern molecular biology DNA technology, electrochemical analysis and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), laboratory research and field test are combined. The water quality characteristics, microbiological characteristics and microbiological characteristics of the circulating cooling water system in a power plant with reclaimed water for Municipal Reclaimed Water are systematically studied for the first time. The main conclusions are as follows:
(1) according to the total analysis results of 23 water quality indexes, the content of electrical conductivity, TDS, chloride ion and surface active agent in municipal regenerated water is 2~4 times that of surface water, CODMn, total phosphorus, dissolved total phosphorus and dissolved positive phosphorus, the total nitrogen content is 1.5-2 times of surface water, and the total number of bacteria is 1 orders of magnitude, indicating the use of Municipal Reclaimed Water instead of surface water as water supplement water. The scaling trend of the circulating cooling water system of power plants has slowed down, but the degree of corrosion and the risk of microorganism have increased.
(2) in the circulating cooling water system of power plant of Municipal Reclaimed Water, increasing concentration multiplier, chloride ion, electrical conductivity, hardness, sulphuric acid root concentration multiplied, turbidity a little increase, iron ion concentration constant, indicating that the water quality is corrosiveness enhancement, crystallization scale, particle scale and deposit increase; CODMn concentration increases, ammonia nitrogen concentration decreases, nitrification and subunit concentration The metabolic rate of nitrifying autotrophic bacteria was higher than that of heterotrophic bacteria. The increase of temperature, the hardness of the water, the turbidity, the concentration of the diphosphate, the increase of the particle scale, the decrease of the concentration of CODMn, the stability of the ammonia nitrogen, the increase of the number of heterotrophic bacteria, the decrease of the alkalinity, the restriction of the growth of nitrosation bacteria and nitrifying bacteria.
(3) the fouling production in municipal regenerated water is 44% lower than that of surface water, but the total number of bacteria and iron bacteria in the unit mass fouling are 8.6 times and 2.7 times of the surface water respectively. It indicates that the Municipal Reclaimed water is the substitute for the surface water as a supplement water source, and the fouling output of the circulating cooling water system in the power plant is reduced, but the influence of microbial corrosion is increased. The film shows that carbon steel is mainly uniform corrosion in surface water and pitting in Municipal Reclaimed water.
(4) in the circulating cooling water system of the power plant of the Municipal Reclaimed Water, the concentration multiplier and the temperature increase, the amount of dirt increases, so the heat transfer resistance and the loss of energy consumption increase. The flow velocity increases, the amount of fouling changes little, but the fouling resistance increases and the adhesion rate increases. The shear effect makes the density and adhesion property of the fouling increase, and the mechanical clearance is more difficult. The most unfavorable operating conditions for the microorganism are: 4 times the concentration multiplier, the temperature 35 degrees C, and the addition of corrosion and scale inhibitor from 0.8m/s to 1.0m/s., the organic matter in the circulating cooling water is increased by 92%, the phosphorus content is increased by 43.5 times, thus the fouling yield is increased by 40%, the mucous forming bacteria in the fouling and the heterotrophic bacteria increase 80%, indicating the inhibition and scale inhibition. The risk of microbes is aggravated by the agent.
(5) Municipal Reclaimed Water contains 28 suspended microorganisms, and the dominant strains belong to the methylation bacteria of beta deformable bacteria. After entering the circulating cooling water system, there are 18 species and 44 species of suspended and fixed microbes, and the dominant strains still belong to the beta deformable bacteria of deformable bacteria. After adding water treatment agents, the circulating cooling water is added. The number of suspending microbes is 38 species, and the distribution of the bacteria is more uniform. The dominant strain is transformed into the family Staphylococcus family. The main reason for the change of the microbial population structure is the significant increase in the content of organic matter and phosphorus in the circulating water.
(6) in the circulating cooling water system of the power plant of the Municipal Reclaimed Water, although the corrosion of carbon steel is the most serious and the stainless steel has the lightest corrosion, the microorganism has the greatest impact on the stainless steel corrosion. With the average corrosion rate of 15d, the proportion of stainless steel MIC is 1.6 times that of carbon steel and 2.4 times of the brass. The uneven distribution of microorganisms caused by corrosion may be the main reason for the serious corrosion of MIC.
(7) in the circulating cooling water system of the power plant of Municipal Reclaimed Water, the results of microbial chemical control technology show that, compared with isothiazolinone and biological dispersant DREWSPERSE738, chlorine ingots and sodium hypochlorite have the best effect on the suspension and fixed microorganism. The results of the effective time test on the total number of bacteria, iron bacteria and sulfate reducing bacteria have been determined to determine the addition period of 3 days. The results of orthogonal test show that the increase of the inhibition rate of the corrosion inhibitor, the corrosion inhibitor of carbon steel and the inhibition of brass corrosion will increase correspondingly. The microbial chemical control is put forward through the field dynamic pilot test. The dosage parameters are: chlorine ingot 150mg/L, scale inhibitor 8mg/L, Brass Corrosion Inhibitor 6mg/L, carbon steel corrosion inhibitor 6mg/L..

【學(xué)位授予單位】：北京交通大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號(hào)】：TU991.4

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