本文選題：公共建筑 + 節(jié)約型校園　； 參考：《廣東工業(yè)大學(xué)》2013年碩士論文

【摘要】：能源是人類賴以生存和發(fā)展的基本條件。建筑節(jié)能是提高經(jīng)濟(jì)效益的重要措施,也是減小溫室效應(yīng),保護(hù)生態(tài)環(huán)境的重要手段。建筑節(jié)能是貫徹可持續(xù)發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略的一個(gè)重要組成部分,是執(zhí)行節(jié)約能源,保護(hù)環(huán)境的基本國(guó)策,也是當(dāng)前全球性的發(fā)展大趨勢(shì)。 高校節(jié)能監(jiān)管系統(tǒng)建設(shè)是高校節(jié)能減排、為響應(yīng)國(guó)家關(guān)于建設(shè)國(guó)家機(jī)關(guān)辦公建筑和大型公共建筑節(jié)能監(jiān)管體系而進(jìn)行的一項(xiàng)節(jié)能系統(tǒng)工程建設(shè)。本文從整體上設(shè)計(jì)了廣東工業(yè)大學(xué)節(jié)能監(jiān)管系統(tǒng)的建設(shè)方案。 以廣東工業(yè)大學(xué)大學(xué)城校區(qū)教學(xué)樓為節(jié)能改造實(shí)例,對(duì)其空調(diào)課室課室內(nèi)進(jìn)行能耗分析,從建筑節(jié)能的角度分析其建筑設(shè)計(jì)的優(yōu)劣,從建筑維護(hù)結(jié)構(gòu)和空調(diào)智能控制改造兩方面設(shè)計(jì)了其節(jié)能改造實(shí)施方案。 使用ANSYS CFX仿真軟件數(shù)值模擬空調(diào)課室溫度場(chǎng)的分布變化情況,從多個(gè)角度出發(fā)仿真課室的溫度場(chǎng)變化并作對(duì)比研究,研究各個(gè)因素對(duì)空調(diào)室內(nèi)溫度場(chǎng)變化分布的影響,包括不同空調(diào)開啟時(shí)間、不同的窗戶朝向、不同的回風(fēng)口位置以及窗玻璃貼隔熱膜與否。通過以上的分析研究力圖找出影響空調(diào)課室溫度場(chǎng)變化的各個(gè)影響因子及其所占比重,通過仿真模擬分析結(jié)果為夏熱冬暖地區(qū)帶有大面積玻璃幕墻的公共建筑的節(jié)能改造提供依據(jù)和參考。 仿真計(jì)算研究結(jié)果表明,在北緯25度的廣州地區(qū)高校教學(xué)樓課室,對(duì)于窗墻比數(shù)值較大的建筑物,當(dāng)夏季太陽(yáng)輻射強(qiáng)烈,室外溫度達(dá)到30℃以上時(shí),由于中午12：00后為中午休息空調(diào)停機(jī)。在下午第一節(jié)課上課(13：30)之前必須提前15分鐘開啟空調(diào)冷氣給課室預(yù)冷才能保證課室大部分空間溫度保持在28℃以下。分析課室內(nèi)溫度場(chǎng)、氣流場(chǎng)結(jié)果表明,提前開啟空調(diào)機(jī)組有利于冷風(fēng)迅速均勻地布滿整個(gè)課室。 在北緯25度的廣州地區(qū),對(duì)于窗墻比數(shù)值較大的建筑物,室外溫度達(dá)到30℃以上時(shí),以廣東工業(yè)大學(xué)教學(xué)樓可容納54人的課室為例,中午13：30-14：15時(shí)間段上課的課室,在滿負(fù)荷即學(xué)生坐滿座位上課的情況下室內(nèi)溫度區(qū)域劃分明顯,課室講臺(tái)附近和第一排的溫度很低,處于22℃-25℃范圍,越靠近后排溫度越高,最后2排的溫度上升明顯,在Time=13：50以后最后2排溫度就接近29℃-30℃。仿真結(jié)果表明課室后排區(qū)域溫度會(huì)很高,且入座率較高時(shí)不易于空氣流通,加劇溫度上升；中間的兩橫排不僅溫度低且氣流速度較快。 廣東工業(yè)大學(xué)校內(nèi)建筑窗戶大部分為南北朝向,只有極少數(shù)房間為東西朝向,太陽(yáng)輻射強(qiáng)烈室外溫度達(dá)30℃以上時(shí),窗戶東西朝向的建筑比窗戶南北朝向的建筑冷負(fù)荷要大的多,特別是大窗墻比的建筑,在中午13：30-14：15這段時(shí)間,提前15分鐘開啟空調(diào)窗戶東西朝向的房間現(xiàn)有的常規(guī)的制冷設(shè)備也無法負(fù)擔(dān)室內(nèi)人員正常教學(xué)和工作,若增加冷氣設(shè)備,設(shè)備及冷氣費(fèi)用投資都不低；窗戶東西朝向的房間通過裝貼玻璃隔熱貼膜可以有效地阻擋太陽(yáng)輻射,降低室內(nèi)溫度,在中午13：30-14：15時(shí)間段,可容納54人的貼膜課室上課前15分鐘提前開啟空調(diào),使用原有常規(guī)的冷氣設(shè)施可以提供20-30人正常教學(xué)； 對(duì)于空調(diào)房間而言,設(shè)計(jì)時(shí)回風(fēng)口位置不宜與送風(fēng)口處于同一水平面上,這樣大量浪費(fèi)冷氣流量,由于冷空氣易下沉,如若進(jìn)風(fēng)口設(shè)置在高處,回風(fēng)口位置也不宜設(shè)置靠近地板過低的水平面上； 仿真計(jì)算研究結(jié)果表明,對(duì)于人員密集聚會(huì)的公共建筑,當(dāng)夏季室內(nèi)原始溫度過高時(shí),為保證聚會(huì)開始時(shí)便有一個(gè)較舒適的溫度環(huán)境,工作人員往往把空調(diào)的初始制冷溫度設(shè)置得很低甚至是最低溫度下限,而室內(nèi)人員的密集座位空間設(shè)計(jì)(特別是劇院、會(huì)場(chǎng)與教室),由于密集的人員分布使得制冷空氣無法均勻分布于室內(nèi)各個(gè)方位,隨著時(shí)間的推移,離制冷設(shè)備距離近得空間和較空曠空間的溫度比密集空間的溫度低得多。而密集空間才是真正需要制冷空氣的空間,密集空間的溫度一直難于降下來這就使得空調(diào)的制冷溫度設(shè)置一直保持很低卻沒有很好的制冷效果。這也使距離制冷設(shè)備的近空間和室內(nèi)空曠空間的溫度很低,這與國(guó)家節(jié)能標(biāo)準(zhǔn)規(guī)定的所有公共建筑夏季空調(diào)溫度設(shè)置不低于26℃的條文相背離。出于此,劇院、會(huì)場(chǎng)與教室等公共建筑的座位設(shè)計(jì)與空調(diào)送風(fēng)口、回風(fēng)口的布置對(duì)于空調(diào)節(jié)能的作用便顯得尤為重要。
[Abstract]:Energy is the basic condition for human survival and development. Building energy conservation is an important measure to improve economic efficiency. It is also an important means to reduce the greenhouse effect and protect the ecological environment. Building energy conservation is an important part of implementing the sustainable development strategy. It is the basic national policy of implementing the energy conservation and protecting the environment, and is also the current global policy. The trend of the development of sex.
The construction of energy saving supervision system in Colleges and universities is an energy saving and emission reduction system in Colleges and universities. In response to the state's construction of energy saving system for building state office buildings and large public buildings, the construction scheme of energy conservation supervision system of Guangdong University of Technology is designed in this paper.
Taking the teaching building of the university campus of Guangdong University of Technology as an example of energy-saving reconstruction, the energy consumption analysis is carried out in the classroom room of the air conditioning class room. From the viewpoint of building energy saving, the advantages and disadvantages of its architectural design are analyzed, and the implementation scheme of energy conservation reform is designed from two aspects of building maintenance structure and air conditioning intelligent control transformation.
ANSYS CFX simulation software is used to simulate the distribution and variation of temperature field in air conditioning classrooms. From multiple angles, the temperature field changes in the classroom are simulated and compared. The influence of various factors on the temperature field distribution in the air conditioning room is studied, including the opening time of the air conditioning, the different window orientation, the different position of the air outlet and the position of the air conditioner. Through the above analysis, we try to find out the influence factors and the proportion of the influence factors of the temperature field change in the air conditioning class. Through the simulation and analysis results, it provides the basis and reference for the energy saving transformation of the public buildings with large area glass curtain wall in the hot and winter warm winter warm area.
The results of simulation and calculation show that in Guangzhou area of 25 degrees north latitude, the classroom of college teaching building, when the window wall and wall are larger than the numerical value, when the solar radiation is strong in summer and the outdoor temperature is above 30 degrees, the air conditioning stops at noon 12:00 after noon. It must be 15 minutes before class one class (13:30) in the afternoon. The air conditioning cold air is pre cooled to the classroom to ensure that most of the room temperature is kept below 28. The temperature field in the classroom is analyzed. The results of air flow field show that the early opening of the air conditioning unit is beneficial to the cold wind to fill the whole classroom quickly and evenly.
In the Guangzhou area of 25 degrees north latitude, when the outdoor temperature is above 30 centigrade, the room temperature is more than 30 degrees, with the class room of the Guangdong University of Technology teaching building holding 54 people as an example. The class room of the class at the noon 13:30-14:15 time section is clearly divided in the room temperature area under the full load that the students are full of seats in the class. The temperature near the platform and the first row is very low, at the range of 22 -25 C, the higher the temperature of the back row is higher, the temperature of the last 2 rows is rising obviously. The last 2 rows of temperature after Time=13:50 are close to 29 C -30 C. The simulation results show that the temperature of the back row of the class room will be very high, and the air circulation is not easy to increase when the entrance rate is high. The two row in the middle is not only low in temperature but also fast in airflow.
Most of the windows of the building in Guangdong University of Technology are north and south, only a few rooms are toward the East and West. When the solar radiation is more than 30 centigrade, the building of the windows toward the building is much more cold than the north and south of the window, especially the building with large window and wall ratio, in the midday 13:30-14:15 period, in advance. The existing conventional refrigeration equipment in the room with 15 minutes to open the air-conditioned windows can not afford the normal teaching and work of the indoor personnel. If the cooling equipment, equipment and air conditioning costs are not low, the room facing the windows can effectively block the solar radiation and reduce the temperature in the room. In the 13:30-14:15 period of noon, the air conditioning is opened in advance for 15 minutes before class, which can accommodate 54 people, and 20-30 normal teaching can be provided by the conventional cold air facilities.
For air-conditioned rooms, the air outlet position should not be in the same horizontal plane as the air outlet, so the air flow is wasted. As the cold air is easy to sink, if the inlet air inlet is set in the high place, the position of the air inlet should not be set near the low level surface of the floor.
The results of the simulation study show that, for the public buildings of a crowded party, when the indoor temperature is too high in the summer, in order to ensure a comfortable temperature environment at the beginning of the party, the staff often set the initial cooling temperature of the air conditioner very low or even the lowest temperature lower limit, while the dense seat space of the indoor personnel is set up. As a result of time, the temperature of the space and the space of the cooler is much lower than that of the dense space, and the dense space is the space that really needs the refrigeration air, and the dense space is the space that really needs the refrigeration air. The temperature of the space has been difficult to drop down. This makes the cooling temperature of the air conditioning kept very low but has no good cooling effect. This also makes the distance between the near space and the open space of the refrigeration equipment very low, which is not less than 26 C in the summer air conditioning temperature of all public buildings stipulated by the national energy saving standard. Out of this, the design of the seats in the public buildings and the air vents of the public buildings, such as the theater, the meeting room and the classroom, and the layout of the air vent are particularly important for the energy saving of the air conditioning.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：廣東工業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號(hào)】：TU244;TU201.5

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