本文選題：城市形態(tài) + 自組織�。� 參考：《清華大學(xué)》2013年碩士論文

【摘要】：我國處于城市化快速發(fā)展階段，城市化規(guī)模龐大。特大城市不斷涌現(xiàn)，交通、能耗、環(huán)境問題日益突出，降低城市的運行效率與宜居性。很大一部分城市問題，尤其是交通問題，都與土地利用形態(tài)不盡合理有關(guān)。城市的發(fā)展問題，土地利用與交通需求的關(guān)系一直是研究關(guān)注的熱點。 自組織力量是影響城市演化，塑造城市形態(tài)的主要力量之一。要通過規(guī)劃引導(dǎo)城市往良性方向發(fā)展，有必要了解并把握城市自組織發(fā)展的規(guī)律。本文回顧了城市發(fā)展史上的自組織與他組織，闡明了研究自組織的重要性，建立了基于新經(jīng)濟地理學(xué)、城市系統(tǒng)動力學(xué)的城市空間形態(tài)演化模型。模型中城市里存在消費者服務(wù)業(yè)與生產(chǎn)者服務(wù)業(yè)，城市居民既是消費者，又是勞動力，具有對消費品多樣性的偏好，根據(jù)效用最大化原則選擇居住地與工作地。模型引入通勤成本，考慮職住分離，通過調(diào)整交通成本參數(shù)，包括消費品交通成本，中間產(chǎn)品交通成本與通勤成本，對不同形態(tài)的城市進行模擬，研究在自組織狀態(tài)下各種典型形態(tài)城市的產(chǎn)業(yè)、人口布局的演化過程，展現(xiàn)了交通成本與區(qū)位特征對城市產(chǎn)業(yè)、人口布局的影響，結(jié)果顯示兩種產(chǎn)業(yè)在演化過程中存在形成單中心和多中心模式的可能性。城市有著集聚的本性，純粹依賴市場的自組織，很難形成多中心的格局。 本文進而研究特定形態(tài)城市的交通需求特性，首先對單中心和多中心兩種形態(tài)的城市的優(yōu)缺點進行了論述，提出單元城市的概念。基于多智能體系統(tǒng)構(gòu)建自下而上的城市微觀模擬系統(tǒng)，結(jié)合競租理論、經(jīng)濟地理學(xué)、交通規(guī)劃理論等學(xué)科的成果，考慮家庭結(jié)構(gòu)的影響，考慮通勤、消費、工作三種出行，定量研究單中心城市與單元城市在交通效率、碳排放上的區(qū)別。結(jié)果表明，對于超過一定規(guī)模的城市，單元城市在減少交通需求、節(jié)能減排上有更好的表現(xiàn)。一個規(guī)劃合理的單元城市與一般單中心城市相比，能減少超過40%的長距離交通量，交通碳排放量減少約25%。 基于單元城市的優(yōu)越性，本文進一步深入細化單元城市的規(guī)劃理念與設(shè)計原則，對一個虛擬的城市單元進行初步規(guī)劃設(shè)計，包括基本形態(tài)與交通需求，城市結(jié)構(gòu)，城市單元，單元群以及交通規(guī)劃，為單元城市規(guī)劃提供了初步框架。
[Abstract]:Our country is in the rapid development stage of urbanization, the scale of urbanization is huge. The problems of transportation, energy consumption and environment are becoming more and more serious, which reduces the efficiency and livability of the city. A large part of urban problems, especially traffic problems, are related to unreasonable land use patterns. The problem of urban development, the relationship between land use and traffic demand has always been the focus of attention. Self-organizing force is one of the main forces influencing urban evolution and shaping urban form. It is necessary to understand and grasp the law of urban self-organization development in order to guide the city to develop in a benign direction through planning. This paper reviews the history of self-organization and other organization in the history of urban development, clarifies the importance of studying self-organization, and establishes a model of urban spatial morphology evolution based on new economic geography and urban system dynamics. In the model, there are consumer service industry and producer service industry in the city. Urban residents are both consumers and labors, and they have a preference for the diversity of consumer goods. According to the principle of utility maximization, urban residents choose their places of residence and work. The model introduces commuting cost, considers the separation of occupation and residence, and simulates different types of cities by adjusting the parameters of transportation cost, including transportation cost of consumer goods, transportation cost of intermediate products and commuting cost. This paper studies the evolvement process of population distribution in various typical cities under the condition of self-organization, and shows the influence of transportation cost and location characteristics on urban industry and population distribution. The results show that the two industries have the possibility of forming uni-center and multi-center models in the evolution process. Cities have the nature of agglomeration, relying solely on the self-organization of the market, it is difficult to form a multi-center pattern. In this paper, the characteristics of traffic demand of specific cities are studied. Firstly, the advantages and disadvantages of single-center and multi-center cities are discussed, and the concept of "unit city" is put forward. Based on the multi-agent system, a bottom-up urban micro-simulation system is constructed, which combines the achievements of competing rent theory, economic geography, traffic planning theory, and considers the influence of family structure, commuting, consumption and work. The difference between single center city and unit city in traffic efficiency and carbon emission is studied quantitatively. The results show that the unit cities have better performance in reducing traffic demand, energy saving and emission reduction for cities over a certain scale. A well-planned unit city can reduce long-distance traffic by more than 40 percent and reduce its carbon emissions by about 25 percent compared with the average single-center city. Based on the superiority of the unit city, this paper further refines the planning idea and design principle of the unit city, and carries on the preliminary planning and design to a virtual city unit, including the basic form and the traffic demand, the city structure, the city unit, Unit groups and traffic planning provide a preliminary framework for unit city planning.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：清華大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：U12;TU984

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