本文選題：住區(qū) + 開放空間��； 參考：《浙江大學(xué)》2013年碩士論文

【摘要】：對于城市住區(qū)中的居民來說,住區(qū)戶外空間使用頻率最高的群體是兒童和老年人,并且老年人往往是作為兒童陪護者出現(xiàn)的。這就要求住區(qū)開放空間的規(guī)劃設(shè)計要從相當(dāng)程度上重視兒童使用者的心理需求和環(huán)境行為。 通過對兒童環(huán)境心理和環(huán)境行為的詳細分析,可以明確兒童與一般成年使用者的戶外活動有較大差異,主要包括兒童戶外活動的尺度特殊性、季節(jié)時間性、性別年齡排他性和自我中心性等方面�；谶@些特性分析,本文提出住區(qū)開放空間的構(gòu)建應(yīng)從“兒童友好型”四大標準入手,即可達性、安全性、舒適性和多功能性。在對具體開放空間整體質(zhì)量進行科學(xué)、具體的量化評價時,可以采用“兒童友好度”評價體系,該體系以住區(qū)常見開放空間形式—公園綠地、廣場、商業(yè)街為典型空間形態(tài),通過對開放空間景觀組成要素的分析整合,提取了可達性、安全性、舒適性、多功能性四大維度的三十項詳細評價因素。將這些評價因素整合設(shè)計成預(yù)調(diào)查問卷,在大關(guān)公園進行實地試用,以試用結(jié)果和開放性問題反饋信息為依據(jù),對原評價因素調(diào)整優(yōu)化,構(gòu)建了評價體系基本框架。接著將各層評價因素在單一準則下兩兩成對比較,向15位專家系統(tǒng)征詢,得出所有成對比較的賦分矩陣,應(yīng)用層次分析法(AHP)計算評價因素的權(quán)重值,并對賦分矩陣進行了一致性檢驗。結(jié)果顯示,所有賦分矩陣的CR值均小于O.1,滿足評判一致性要求,所得權(quán)重值合理有效,與評價項目基本框架共同構(gòu)成完善的兒童友好度評價體系。為檢驗該評價體系的適用性,在杭州市選取了住區(qū)公園、住區(qū)小廣場、住區(qū)商業(yè)街型開放空間各一例,設(shè)計問卷進行實地調(diào)查,用模糊綜合評價法(FCE)處理所得數(shù)據(jù),得出各開放空間案例的兒童友好度評價結(jié)果。經(jīng)過與行為觀察和深度訪談的對照,證明這個評價體系基本能夠涵蓋住區(qū)開放空間與兒童戶外活動相關(guān)的所有因素,并能夠比較準確地評價實際案例的整體質(zhì)量。該評價體系還可以經(jīng)過反模糊處理運用于住區(qū)開放空間平行方案的篩選評標過程,仍有待進一步的研究和發(fā)展。
[Abstract]:For the residents of urban settlements, children and the elderly are the most frequent users of outdoor space in the residential areas, and the elderly often appear as child chaperones.Therefore, the planning and design of open space in residential areas should pay attention to the psychological needs and environmental behaviors of child users.Through the detailed analysis of children's environmental psychology and environmental behavior, it is clear that there are great differences in outdoor activities between children and the general adult users, mainly including the scale particularity of children's outdoor activities and the seasonal time.Gender, age, exclusiveness and self-centeredness.Based on the analysis of these characteristics, this paper puts forward that the construction of open space in residential area should be based on the four standards of "child-friendly", namely accessibility, safety, comfort and versatility.In the scientific and quantitative evaluation of the overall quality of the concrete open space, the evaluation system of "children's friendliness" can be adopted, which takes the common open space forms of residential areas-park green space, square and commercial street as typical spatial forms.Through the analysis and integration of the elements of open space landscape, thirty detailed evaluation factors were extracted from four dimensions of accessibility, security, comfort and versatility.These evaluation factors are integrated into a pre-survey questionnaire and used in the field in Daguan Park. Based on the trial results and the feedback information of open questions, the basic framework of the evaluation system is constructed by adjusting and optimizing the original evaluation factors.Then, the evaluation factors of each layer are compared in two or two pairs under a single criterion, and 15 expert systems are consulted, and all pairs of comparative score matrices are obtained, and the weight value of the evaluation factors is calculated by using the Analytic hierarchy process (AHP).The consistency of the graded matrix is verified.The results showed that the CR values of all graded matrices were less than 0.1, which met the requirements of consistency of evaluation, and the weights obtained were reasonable and effective. Together with the basic framework of evaluation items, the evaluation system of child friendliness was formed.In order to test the applicability of the evaluation system, an example of open space of residential park, small square and commercial street in Hangzhou was selected, and a questionnaire was designed to carry out field investigation, and the data was processed by fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method (FCE).The results of child friendliness evaluation of open space cases are obtained.By comparing with behavioral observation and in-depth interviews, it is proved that the evaluation system can basically cover all the factors related to children's outdoor activities in the open space in residential areas, and can accurately evaluate the overall quality of actual cases.The evaluation system can also be applied to the selection and evaluation process of parallel schemes in open space of residential area through anti-fuzzy processing, which still needs further research and development.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：浙江大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：TU984.12

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本文編號：1770579