本文選題：工位空調 + 非均勻環(huán)境��； 參考：《上海交通大學》2013年博士論文

【摘要】：由于目前節(jié)能的迫切要求以及對室內環(huán)境質量要求的提高，工位空調被提出并越來越受到關注。然而，工位空調為非均勻的熱環(huán)境，與以往的均勻環(huán)境存在很大差異，其在熱舒適方面有很多基礎性的問題有待解決，如工位空調型式的優(yōu)化，背景溫度的可接受范圍以及局部送風參數(shù)的設置范圍等。這些問題決定著工位空調的節(jié)能潛力和提高舒適性等性能是否能夠得到充分發(fā)揮。再者，由于在工位空調下人體處于非均勻的熱環(huán)境中，已有的標準和規(guī)范中被采用的PMV-PPD等熱感覺和熱舒適的預測和評價方法并不適用，因此需要建立工位空調環(huán)境下熱感覺及熱舒適的評價方法。此外，工位空調環(huán)境下的吹風感問題也是影響其性能發(fā)揮的主要問題，對于工位空調環(huán)境下吹風感的預測和評價也有待解決。 針對上述問題，本文的主要研究內容及結果如下： 1.提出了胸部送風的工位空調形式，并開展了胸部送風非均勻環(huán)境下人體熱舒適的基礎性實驗研究。研究發(fā)現(xiàn)28°C的背景環(huán)境下可以通過胸部工位送風來改善人體的熱舒適，并得到了工位送風溫度、風速及風口面積組合的適宜范圍。 2.通過系統(tǒng)地研究和比較工位送風參數(shù)對整體熱舒適、整體熱感覺及局部熱感覺、局部熱舒適及吹風感的影響之間的規(guī)律，闡明了非均勻環(huán)境下整體熱舒適與整體熱感覺的關系與均勻環(huán)境下的“一一對應”不同而出現(xiàn)“分離”的原因。工位空調環(huán)境下的整體熱舒適不僅與整體熱感覺偏離中性的程度有關系，還與局部熱舒適及吹風感有關系。據(jù)此提出了胸部送風非均勻環(huán)境下的整體熱舒適的預測關聯(lián)式。 3.提出非均勻環(huán)境下考慮局部送風作用和各部位生理差異的平均皮溫計算方法的思想。并建立了適用于胸部送風非均勻環(huán)境下的的人體平均皮膚溫度的計算方法—14點法。 4.在本文研究范圍內，穩(wěn)態(tài)情況下整體熱感覺與平均皮溫之間存在線性關系。非穩(wěn)態(tài)情況下，整體熱感覺與平均皮溫及其變化率之間呈線性關系。并得到了上述關系的經驗關聯(lián)式。此外，得到了基于胸中部位皮膚溫度的整體熱感覺的預測經驗關系式。 5.在非均勻環(huán)境下，，當整體熱感覺在中性區(qū)附近時，得到如下結論：穩(wěn)態(tài)情況下，局部皮膚溫度與局部熱感覺之間呈線性關系，局部熱感覺與局部熱舒適之間呈二次方關系。并得到了胸中部位、上臂前側、前臂前側及頸部前側的熱感覺及熱舒適的預測關聯(lián)式。非穩(wěn)態(tài)情況下，得到胸中部位熱感覺與胸中部位皮溫及其變化率的線性經驗關聯(lián)式。 6.通過不同紊流度下的吹風感實驗，對紊流度影響吹風感的原因進行了探討。研究結果表明紊流度影響吹風感是由于其影響了人體的局部皮膚溫度。證明了采用皮膚溫度預測吹風感的思路是可行的。進而，在胸部送風非均勻環(huán)境下建立了胸部吹風感投票值與胸中部位皮溫、胸中部位熱感覺及熱舒適之間的關系式。該關系式可用于胸部暴露情況下的吹風感預測。 7.建立了包含暴露時間、氣流溫度、風速和紊流度四個因素的吹風不滿意率預測模型。并建立了吹風感投票值與吹風不滿意率之間轉化的經驗關系式。 本研究中得到的背景和胸部工位送風的參數(shù)范圍，以及熱感覺、熱舒適和吹風感的預測關系式可以為工位空調系統(tǒng)的開發(fā)和設計標準的制定提供基礎性的依據(jù)。
[Abstract]:Due to the urgent requirements of energy conservation and the quality of the indoor environment requirements increase, the TAC was put forward and has attracted more and more attention. However, the TAC for non-uniform thermal environment, and there is a big difference in uniform environment in the past, it has many basic problems to be solved in the thermal comfort, such as optimization of task air conditioning type the background temperature range of acceptable and local air supply parameters range. These problems determines the energy saving potential of TAC and improve the comfort performance can be fully realized. Furthermore, due to the human task air conditioning in non uniform thermal environment, by using the existing standards and norms in PMV-PPD thermal sensation and thermal comfort prediction and evaluation method is not applicable, so it is necessary to establish the method of thermal sensation and thermal comfort evaluation task air conditioning environment. In addition, one empty The blow feeling of the environment is also the main problem that affects its performance. The prediction and evaluation of the blow feeling under the environment of the air conditioning system need to be solved.
In view of the above problems, the main contents and results of this paper are as follows:
1. proposed task air conditioning air form the chest, and carry out the basic experimental study on chest air nonhomogeneous environment of human thermal comfort. The study found that 28 ~ C environment through chest station ventilation to improve the thermal comfort of human body, and has been supplying the suitable range of air temperature, wind speed and the outlet area combination.
2. through the systematic research and comparison of task air parameters on overall thermal comfort, overall thermal sensation and local thermal sensation, between the effect of local thermal comfort and air sense of law, clarifies the non-uniform environment overall thermal comfort and overall thermal sensation and even under the environment of "one-to-one" and different "reasons for separation. A task air conditioning environment overall thermal comfort and overall heat not only feel neutral degree, but also with local thermal comfort and sense of hair relationship. Put forward the chest air non-uniform environment the overall thermal comfort prediction formula.
3. the non-uniform environment considering the average fan and temperature of each part of physiological difference calculation method is established and thought. The chest wind non-uniform environment - Calculation Method of mean skin temperature of the 14 point method.
4. in this study, the linear relationship between the thermal sensation and under steady-state conditions. Mean skin temperature under transient conditions, a linear relationship between the overall thermal sensation and average temperature and its rate of change. And get the formula of the relationship. In addition, the relationship between the overall temperature prediction experience skin feeling chest parts based on the obtained.
5. in the inhomogeneous environment, when the overall thermal sensation in the neutral zone near, we get the following conclusions: under steady-state conditions, a linear relationship between skin temperature and local thermal sensation, is two times the relationship between local thermal sensation and thermal comfort between the local. And get the chest position on the front side, arm, forearm thermal sensation the front side and the front side of the neck and thermal comfort prediction correlation. Non steady state, the linear correlations in site thermal sensation and chest part temperature and its change rate is obtained.
6. by different turbulence under the blowing experiment, reasons for the turbulence effects of blowing sense are discussed. The results show that turbulence influence the sense of hair is due to the influence of the human body skin temperature. It is proved that the skin temperature is feasible to predict the sense of hair ideas. Then, in the chest air non uniform under the environment of a chest hair feeling temperature value and the chest voting site, relationship between thermal sensation and thermal comfort in parts between. This relationship can be used for chest exposure under the condition of blowing feeling prediction.
7., a prediction model of dissatisfaction rate of blowing is established based on four factors including exposure time, airflow temperature, wind speed and turbulence. A empirical relation between blow up sense and blow up dissatisfaction rate is established.
The background and the parameter range of air supply for chest workstations, as well as the prediction relationship between thermal sensation, thermal comfort and blowing sensation, can provide a basis for the development and design of workplace air conditioning systems.

【學位授予單位】：上海交通大學
【學位級別】：博士
【學位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：TU831

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本文編號：1734821