發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-04-10 00:26

  本文選題：項(xiàng)目管理　切入點(diǎn)：成本管理　出處：《中國海洋大學(xué)》2013年碩士論文

【摘要】：成本因素在房地產(chǎn)業(yè)競爭中的地位越來越重要,工程項(xiàng)目的成本控制已經(jīng)成為項(xiàng)目施工管理的一項(xiàng)重要內(nèi)容,建筑企業(yè)通過不斷挖掘自身潛力、降低成本、提高自身競爭力已經(jīng)成為一種必然,如何對工程項(xiàng)目進(jìn)行有效的成本控制是每個(gè)建筑企業(yè)都必須面對的嚴(yán)肅課題。本文以濰坊世紀(jì)花園項(xiàng)目建設(shè)項(xiàng)目為例,來探討成本管理理論在項(xiàng)目中的具體運(yùn)用問題,提出合理化的建議,對同類建設(shè)項(xiàng)目的成本管理起到有益的借鑒作用。本文在梳理房地產(chǎn)項(xiàng)目成本管理相關(guān)理論的基礎(chǔ)上,結(jié)合濰坊世紀(jì)花園項(xiàng)目概況對其進(jìn)行了成本分析,包括項(xiàng)目目前的成本概況,項(xiàng)目動態(tài)成本變化情況,建造成本情況。通過分析發(fā)現(xiàn)濰坊世紀(jì)花園項(xiàng)目成本管理存在工程指令費(fèi)用對造價(jià)的影響過大、無效成本占成本比例過高、合作單位選擇不妥造成的成本增加、成本控制制度不健全、人物料管理以及不注重工程索賠等問題,并且進(jìn)一步分析了該項(xiàng)目在各個(gè)階段成本管理造成問題的原因,并且利用掙值法對項(xiàng)目的基本參數(shù)進(jìn)行了測算,在此基礎(chǔ)上提出了成本控制措施及建議,如完善成本控制制度建設(shè)、實(shí)行獎懲措施、加強(qiáng)施工隊(duì)伍素質(zhì)建設(shè)、做好勞務(wù)分包工作、材料的集中采購和規(guī)范化管理、推動圖紙會審制度,減少設(shè)計(jì)中的無效成本、穩(wěn)健提高全公司范圍內(nèi)的全員成本意識等。在項(xiàng)目實(shí)施的整個(gè)過程中,只有在合理的成本管理思想和方法的指導(dǎo)下,對整個(gè)建設(shè)項(xiàng)目的運(yùn)行周期和成本進(jìn)行綜合考慮、分析,才能使工程合同的總體規(guī)劃和工程建設(shè)計(jì)劃更加科學(xué)、更加合理。本文的主要結(jié)論包括(1)通過掙值法分析,截止第90D, CPI1,表示實(shí)際成本低于預(yù)算成本,實(shí)際成本比預(yù)算成本節(jié)約；SPI1.0,表示實(shí)際進(jìn)度比計(jì)劃進(jìn)度慢,沒有完成預(yù)計(jì)的進(jìn)度計(jì)劃,如果不采取措施可能導(dǎo)致工程不能按期竣工。三期主體面積75974M2,按10.66元/M2估算,無效成本費(fèi)用達(dá)809883元,在結(jié)算分析中,將有效成本與無效成本嚴(yán)格區(qū)分開來,降低設(shè)計(jì)變更及簽證所造成的無效成本，是下一階段努力的方向。(2)要重視規(guī)劃設(shè)計(jì)階段的成本控制,由于成本控制的好壞決定著該工程控制投資估算初步設(shè)計(jì)工作的好壞，設(shè)計(jì)概算的正確與否又決定著施工圖設(shè)計(jì)的成敗,所以盡可能的降低工程項(xiàng)目的造價(jià)意義重大,是成本控制的關(guān)鍵。(3)要重視施工階段目標(biāo)造價(jià)與實(shí)際造價(jià)的比較,利用準(zhǔn)確嚴(yán)格的工程測量來確定結(jié)算工程的費(fèi)用；以工程預(yù)算、工程合同價(jià)款為控制目標(biāo),合理確定工程進(jìn)度的結(jié)算,嚴(yán)格控制工程的支出；針對施工過程中產(chǎn)生變更的特殊情況,根據(jù)工程的變更程度,對項(xiàng)目的價(jià)格進(jìn)行合理改正。
[Abstract]:The cost factor plays an increasingly important role in the real estate industry competition. The cost control of the project project has become an important part of the project construction management.How to effectively control the cost of engineering projects is a serious problem that every construction enterprise must face.Taking Weifang Century Garden Project as an example, this paper discusses the specific application of cost management theory in the project, and puts forward some reasonable suggestions, which will be helpful to the cost management of similar construction projects.On the basis of combing the related theories of real estate project cost management, this paper analyzes the cost of Weifang Century Garden Project, including the current cost profile of the project, the dynamic cost changes of the project, and the construction cost situation.Through the analysis, it is found that the cost management of Weifang Century Garden project has too much influence on the cost of engineering instruction, the proportion of invalid cost to cost is too high, the cost of cooperation unit is increased due to improper selection, and the cost control system is not perfect.Human material management and not paying attention to engineering claims, and further analysis of the project cost management in each stage of the cause of the problem, and the use of earned value method to calculate the basic parameters of the project,On this basis, the paper puts forward some cost control measures and suggestions, such as perfecting the construction of cost control system, carrying out the measures of reward and punishment, strengthening the quality construction of the construction team, doing well the work of labor subcontracting, centralized purchasing of materials and standardized management.Promote the drawing review system, reduce the invalid cost in design, improve the whole staff cost consciousness of the whole company steadily, etc.In the whole process of project implementation, only under the guidance of reasonable cost management thought and method, the operation cycle and cost of the whole construction project should be comprehensively considered and analyzed.In order to make the overall plan of the project contract and the project construction plan more scientific and reasonable.The main conclusions of this paper are as follows: (1) by the earned value method analysis, by 90D, CPI1, the actual cost is lower than the budgeted cost, and the actual cost is less than the budgeted cost, SPI 1.0, which indicates that the actual progress is slower than the planned progress, and the projected progress plan has not been completed.Failure to take action may cause the project to be completed on schedule.The main body area of the third phase is 75974M2. According to the estimate of 10.66 yuan / M2, the invalid cost cost is 809883 yuan. In the settlement analysis, the effective cost is strictly distinguished from the invalid cost, so as to reduce the invalid cost caused by the design change and visa.Is the direction of the next stage of effort.) We should attach importance to the cost control in the planning and design stage. Because the quality of the cost control determines the quality of the preliminary design work of the project control investment estimation,Whether the design estimate is correct or not determines the success or failure of the construction drawing design, so it is of great significance to reduce the cost of the project as far as possible, which is the key to cost control.) We should pay attention to the comparison between the target cost and the actual cost in the construction phase.Make use of accurate and strict engineering survey to determine the cost of settlement project, take project budget and project contract price as control target, reasonably determine the settlement of project progress, strictly control the expenditure of project;According to the change degree of the project, the price of the project is corrected reasonably according to the special situation of the change in the construction process.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國海洋大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：TU723.3;F299.233.4

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