本文選題：飲用水　切入點(diǎn)：鉈　出處：《廣東工業(yè)大學(xué)》2013年碩士論文

【摘要】：鉈具有強(qiáng)蓄積性毒性,可以通過呼吸、飲用水和食物等途徑進(jìn)入人體,造成人體的急性或慢性鉈中毒,造成永久性損害。由于操作失誤或管理不善等原因,我國一些城市還經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)一些突發(fā)性的飲用水污染事件,這些突發(fā)性水污染事件常常會(huì)影響到飲用水的安全。因此對(duì)自來水廠水源水發(fā)生突發(fā)性它污染時(shí),如何在水廠內(nèi)部通過適當(dāng)?shù)奶幚砑夹g(shù),使鉈污染得到有效去除并符合國家標(biāo)準(zhǔn),保證人民群眾的飲用水安全,是當(dāng)前迫切需要研究解決的一個(gè)課題。 本課題分別采用吸附法和氧化絮凝法去除飲用水中的鉈。 (1)以羧甲基殼聚糖和膨潤土為原料,制備羧甲基殼聚糖-膨潤土復(fù)合吸附劑,并將其用于對(duì)水中鉈的吸附,研究了吸附時(shí)間、溶液pH和溫度等對(duì)鉈吸附性能的影響。結(jié)果表明,羧甲基殼聚糖-膨潤土復(fù)合吸附劑對(duì)廢水中鉈的吸附,隨廢水pH值升高而增大；當(dāng)水溫低于50℃時(shí),升溫對(duì)吸附有利,當(dāng)水溫高于50℃時(shí),再進(jìn)一步升溫,會(huì)導(dǎo)致吸附劑對(duì)鉈的平衡吸附量減��；吸附劑對(duì)鉈的吸附容量與鉈的濃度關(guān)系密切,當(dāng)鉈的初始濃度為100mg/L,吸附平衡時(shí)鉈的濃度為48.54mg/L,對(duì)應(yīng)的吸附容量為15.43mg/g。通過改變吸附劑的用量可以達(dá)到控制出水鉈濃度的目的。 (2)氧化絮凝法基本上是對(duì)自來水廠現(xiàn)有工藝各操作單元進(jìn)行重新組合形成的一種新工藝：氧化-混凝-沉淀-過濾-消毒。在水環(huán)境中,鉈一般以一價(jià)和三價(jià)態(tài)的形式存在。其中,T1的一價(jià)化合物穩(wěn)定性很高,不易沉淀,而T1的三價(jià)化合物不穩(wěn)定,易沉淀。因此,在除鉈前把一價(jià)氧化為三價(jià)是除鉈的有效途徑。從處理效果看,次氯酸鈉-聚合硫酸鐵/聚合氯化鋁和漂白粉-聚合硫酸鐵/聚合氯化鋁四種組合工藝對(duì)鉈的去除率達(dá)到90%以上。其中,50mL鉈濃度為3.03mg/L的溶液中,加入0.6g漂白粉,pH=10,2mL聚合氯化鋁的時(shí),鉈的濃度降到了0.05μg/L,達(dá)到國家規(guī)定的排放標(biāo)準(zhǔn),去除率達(dá)到99.998%。
[Abstract]:Thallium has strong accumulative toxicity, which can enter human body through breathing, drinking water and food, causing acute or chronic thallium poisoning and permanent damage.As a result of misoperation or mismanagement, some unexpected incidents of drinking water pollution often occur in some cities of our country, which often affect the safety of drinking water.Therefore, how to remove thallium pollution effectively and accord with the national standard in the water plant through appropriate treatment technology, and ensure the safety of drinking water for the people, when the source water of the water works occurs sudden pollution, so as to ensure the safety of the drinking water of the people.It is an urgent problem that needs to be studied and solved at present.In this paper, the removal of thallium in drinking water by adsorption method and oxidative flocculation method respectively.1) Carboxymethyl chitosan and bentonite were used as raw materials to prepare carboxymethyl chitosan-bentonite composite adsorbent and used to adsorb thallium in water. The effects of adsorption time, solution pH and temperature on the adsorption properties of thallium were studied.The adsorption capacity of the adsorbent on thallium is closely related to the concentration of thallium. When the initial concentration of thallium is 100 mg / L, the concentration of thallium is 48.54 mg / L when the initial concentration of thallium is 100 mg / L, the corresponding adsorption capacity is 15.43 mg / g.The concentration of thallium in effluent can be controlled by changing the amount of adsorbent.(2) Oxidation flocculation is a new process, namely, oxidation-coagulation, precipitation-filtration and disinfection, which reassembles the existing operation units of waterworks.In water environment, thallium generally exists in the form of monovalent and trivalent state.The monovalent compounds of T _ 1 are stable and difficult to precipitate, while the trivalent compounds of T _ 1 are unstable and easy to precipitate.Therefore, oxidation of monovalent to trivalent prior to thallium removal is an effective way to remove thallium.The removal rate of thallium was more than 90% by the combined processes of sodium hypochlorite polyferric sulfate / polyaluminum chloride and bleaching powder polyferric sulfate / polyaluminium chloride.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：廣東工業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號(hào)】：TU991.2

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