本文選題：渦旋壓縮機(jī)　切入點(diǎn)：制冷劑泄出　出處：《清華大學(xué)》2013年碩士論文

【摘要】：目前，中小型空調(diào)（熱泵）器、熱泵熱水器在家用和輕型商業(yè)建筑中廣泛使用且保有量持續(xù)增加，相關(guān)節(jié)能研究是建筑節(jié)能研究的重要內(nèi)容。由于實(shí)際系統(tǒng)大部分時(shí)間運(yùn)行在小室內(nèi)外溫差工況下，按照額定工況選擇的壓縮機(jī)難以提供優(yōu)秀的季節(jié)能效表現(xiàn)。本課題著眼于解決小室內(nèi)外溫差下壓縮機(jī)的高效運(yùn)行，實(shí)現(xiàn)向小容量和小壓比的調(diào)節(jié)，并為這種設(shè)備的開(kāi)發(fā)奠定基礎(chǔ)。 本文首先從需求出發(fā)，分析高效空調(diào)用壓縮機(jī)應(yīng)具備的調(diào)節(jié)能力。模擬計(jì)算了北京、上海、廣州三地輕型辦公建筑和住宅建筑全年冷熱負(fù)荷隨室外環(huán)境的變化情況以及合適額定容量的空調(diào)（熱泵）裝置全年運(yùn)行于該建筑時(shí)系統(tǒng)壓比隨室外溫度的變化情況。研究表明：實(shí)際的空調(diào)（熱泵）系統(tǒng)大部分時(shí)間運(yùn)行在小室內(nèi)/外溫差工況下，此時(shí)小型空調(diào)（熱泵）裝置需要提供較小的制冷/制熱量，同時(shí)系統(tǒng)需求壓比大幅減小；從提高小型空調(diào)設(shè)備全年能效水平角度考慮，小型空調(diào)用壓縮機(jī)應(yīng)具有向小容量調(diào)節(jié)能力的。同時(shí)，需具有良好的向小壓比調(diào)節(jié)的能力。 其次，實(shí)驗(yàn)研究了制冷劑泄出對(duì)渦旋壓縮機(jī)和制冷熱泵系統(tǒng)性能的影響，實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果顯示：對(duì)渦旋壓縮機(jī)而言，制冷劑泄出能有效降低壓縮機(jī)排量，降低制冷量，降低壓縮機(jī)功耗，大幅度提高壓縮在過(guò)壓縮工況下的能效水平。同時(shí)，采用制冷劑泄出由于有效降低了壓縮機(jī)的排量，將導(dǎo)致蒸發(fā)器和冷凝器的換熱量減少、換熱溫差降低，由此使得蒸發(fā)溫度升高和冷凝溫度降低，使得系統(tǒng)效率得到了進(jìn)一步的提升。 然后，根據(jù)測(cè)試結(jié)果修正現(xiàn)有的制冷劑泄出渦旋壓縮機(jī)模型，與實(shí)驗(yàn)數(shù)據(jù)對(duì)比顯示，該模型能較好地預(yù)測(cè)渦旋壓縮機(jī)泄出工況下的性能。以該模型為基礎(chǔ)，模擬分析了泄出參數(shù)對(duì)渦旋壓縮機(jī)以及制冷熱泵系統(tǒng)性能的影響，，并以此建立了制冷劑泄出系統(tǒng)優(yōu)化設(shè)計(jì)和控制方法。 最后，計(jì)算分析了該類系統(tǒng)應(yīng)用于小型空調(diào)器和熱泵熱水器的應(yīng)用前景，結(jié)果顯示，對(duì)于房間空調(diào)器，其高效運(yùn)行的系統(tǒng)形式應(yīng)為泄出+變頻系統(tǒng)。該系統(tǒng)在各地均有一定的節(jié)能潛力，尤其適用于目前空氣源熱泵廣泛應(yīng)用的南方地區(qū)。對(duì)于從室外取熱的熱泵熱水器，制冷劑泄出同樣是一種有效的調(diào)節(jié)夏季和部分過(guò)渡季系統(tǒng)性能的手段。
[Abstract]:At present, small and medium air conditioning (heat pump) devices and heat pump water heaters are widely used in household and light commercial buildings, and the quantity of heat pump water heaters is increasing continuously. Energy conservation research is an important part of building energy conservation research.Because the actual system runs for most of the time under the condition of temperature difference inside and outside the chamber, it is difficult for the compressor selected according to rated working conditions to provide excellent seasonal energy efficiency performance.The purpose of this paper is to solve the high efficiency operation of the compressor under the temperature difference inside and outside the chamber, to realize the adjustment of the small capacity and the small pressure ratio, and to lay a foundation for the development of this kind of equipment.This paper starts from the demand, analyzes the high-efficiency air-conditioning compressor should have the adjustment ability.Beijing, Shanghai,The variation of heat and cold load with outdoor environment in light office buildings and residential buildings in Guangzhou, and the variation of pressure ratio of air conditioning (heat pump) equipment with proper rated capacity with outdoor temperature during the whole year.The results show that the actual air conditioning (heat pump) system runs in the small room / outside temperature difference condition most of the time, at this time the small air conditioning (heat pump) device needs to provide a small amount of refrigeration / heating, and the system demand pressure ratio is greatly reduced;From the point of view of improving the energy efficiency of small air conditioning equipment throughout the year, the compressor for small air conditioning should have the ability to adjust to small capacity.At the same time, need to have a good ability to adjust the small pressure ratio.Secondly, the effect of refrigerant release on the performance of scroll compressor and refrigeration heat pump system is studied experimentally. The experimental results show that the refrigerant release can effectively reduce the compressor displacement and the refrigerating capacity.Reduce compressor power consumption and greatly improve the energy efficiency level of compression under overcompression conditions.At the same time, the refrigerant release will reduce the heat exchange of evaporator and condenser, and the difference of heat transfer temperature will decrease, which will increase the evaporation temperature and decrease the condensing temperature.The system efficiency is further improved.Then, the existing refrigerant release vortex compressor model is modified according to the test results. The comparison with the experimental data shows that the model can predict the performance of the vortex compressor under the condition of discharge.Based on the model, the effects of the discharge parameters on the performance of the vortex compressor and the refrigeration heat pump system are simulated and analyzed, and the optimal design and control method of the refrigerant release system are established.Finally, the application prospect of this kind of system for small air conditioners and heat pump water heaters is calculated and analyzed. The results show that for room air conditioners, the system form of efficient operation should be the discharge frequency conversion system.The system has the potential to save energy in various places, especially in the southern region where air source heat pump is widely used.Refrigerant release is also an effective way to regulate the system performance in summer and some transitional seasons for heat pump water heaters taking heat from outside.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：清華大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號(hào)】：TU831.4

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本文編號(hào)：1710889