本文選題：以太網(wǎng)遠(yuǎn)程抄表　切入點(diǎn)：短距離射頻通信　出處：《南京林業(yè)大學(xué)》2013年碩士論文

【摘要】：隨著自來水供水部門對“一戶一表”工程改造的推進(jìn)，以及自動(dòng)化應(yīng)用越來越廣泛，遠(yuǎn)程抄表系統(tǒng)已經(jīng)成為自來水自動(dòng)化管理不可缺少的組成部分。它不僅可以緩解抄表人員的勞動(dòng)強(qiáng)度，降低人為因素造成的抄表差錯(cuò)，而且具有抄收速度快、實(shí)時(shí)性好等優(yōu)勢。本課題面向辦公樓宇和智能小區(qū)，利用其豐富的網(wǎng)絡(luò)資源，結(jié)合當(dāng)前的網(wǎng)絡(luò)技術(shù)和短距離射頻通信技術(shù)，研究并設(shè)計(jì)了一種基于以太網(wǎng)傳輸?shù)倪h(yuǎn)程抄表系統(tǒng)，解決了復(fù)雜環(huán)境下的布線難題，對于自動(dòng)抄表領(lǐng)域在今后的研究與發(fā)展有一定的指導(dǎo)意義。 本文介紹了遠(yuǎn)程抄表系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)的技術(shù)要求，分析了水量信號的轉(zhuǎn)換方式，選用了基于脈沖發(fā)訊式的水流量傳感器；通過比較各種通信方式的優(yōu)缺點(diǎn)，引入短距離射頻技術(shù)和以太網(wǎng)通信技術(shù)，建立了由智能水表、集中裝置以及服務(wù)器主站組成的遠(yuǎn)程抄表系統(tǒng)。智能水表主要負(fù)責(zé)前端水量的采集和射頻收發(fā)。集中裝置作為連接射頻網(wǎng)絡(luò)與以太網(wǎng)的網(wǎng)關(guān)，依據(jù)系統(tǒng)需求，對TCP/IP協(xié)議棧進(jìn)行了篩選與精簡，完成了相應(yīng)協(xié)議的移植，主要包括ARP協(xié)議、IP協(xié)議和TCP協(xié)議。為了避免射頻收發(fā)過程中同頻段其他信號的干擾，結(jié)合nRF24L01具有125個(gè)可選工作頻道的特點(diǎn)，提出了一種跳頻機(jī)制，以提高系統(tǒng)的抗干擾能力。服務(wù)器主站采用B/S/S結(jié)構(gòu)，在WAMP5集成開發(fā)環(huán)境下，利用PHP動(dòng)態(tài)網(wǎng)頁開發(fā)技術(shù)，創(chuàng)建Web服務(wù)器和數(shù)據(jù)庫，，最終實(shí)現(xiàn)Web瀏覽器與數(shù)據(jù)庫間的交互。 根據(jù)以太網(wǎng)遠(yuǎn)程抄表系統(tǒng)的功能要求，設(shè)計(jì)了系統(tǒng)的硬件電路，包括MSP430最小系統(tǒng)電路、水量信息采集電路、射頻通信電路、以太網(wǎng)通信電路、實(shí)時(shí)時(shí)鐘電路、數(shù)據(jù)存儲(chǔ)電路、顯示電路以及電源電路等，并基于硬件電路設(shè)計(jì)了相應(yīng)的軟件程序。最終對以太網(wǎng)遠(yuǎn)程抄表系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行各模塊測試及整體聯(lián)機(jī)測試，測試結(jié)果表明：系統(tǒng)能夠準(zhǔn)確采集水流量，無線傳輸和以太網(wǎng)通信穩(wěn)定可靠，整個(gè)系統(tǒng)的運(yùn)行效果良好，達(dá)到課題的設(shè)計(jì)要求。
[Abstract]:With the improvement of the "one household, one meter" project by the water supply department, and the application of automation is becoming more and more extensive. Remote meter reading system has become an indispensable part of automatic management of tap water. It can not only alleviate the labor intensity of meter reader, but also reduce the error caused by human factors. In this paper, a remote meter reading system based on Ethernet transmission is studied and designed, which is oriented to office buildings and intelligent communities, using its abundant network resources, combined with current network technology and short distance radio frequency communication technology. It solves the problem of routing in complex environment and has certain guiding significance for the research and development of automatic meter reading in the future. This paper introduces the technical requirements of the design of remote meter reading system, analyzes the conversion mode of water signal, selects the water flow sensor based on pulse signal, compares the advantages and disadvantages of various communication modes, By introducing short distance radio frequency technology and Ethernet communication technology, the intelligent water meter, The intelligent water meter is mainly responsible for the front-end water collection and RF transceiver. As the gateway between RF network and Ethernet, the centralized device acts as the gateway to connect the RF network and Ethernet, according to the system requirements, the intelligent water meter is mainly responsible for collecting the front-end water quantity and receiving and receiving radio frequency. The TCP/IP protocol stack is selected and simplified, and the corresponding protocols are transplanted, including ARP protocol IP protocol and TCP protocol, in order to avoid interference of other signals in the same frequency band during RF transceiver. According to the characteristics of nRF24L01 with 125 optional working channels, a frequency hopping mechanism is proposed to improve the anti-jamming ability of the system. The server master station adopts the B/S/S structure, and under the WAMP5 integrated development environment, it uses the PHP dynamic web page development technology. Create Web server and database, and finally realize the interaction between Web browser and database. According to the functional requirements of Ethernet remote meter reading system, the hardware circuit of the system is designed, including MSP430 minimum system circuit, water information acquisition circuit, RF communication circuit, Ethernet communication circuit, real-time clock circuit, data storage circuit. The display circuit and the power supply circuit, and the corresponding software program based on the hardware circuit are designed. Finally, each module and the whole on-line test of the Ethernet remote meter reading system are tested. The test results show that the system can accurately collect the water flow. Wireless transmission and Ethernet communication are stable and reliable.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：南京林業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：TU991.62;TP274

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