本文選題：液化　切入點：相關性　出處：《中國地震局工程力學研究所》2013年博士論文

【摘要】：震害調查是獲取工程震害資料和經驗最重要的手段,也是工程抗震理論和分析方法發(fā)展的基礎。工程地震學的發(fā)展離不開歷次地震考察,特別是破壞性地震震害啟示。我國抗震設計技術演化歷程中,河源(1962)、邢臺(1966)、通海(1970)、海城(1975)、唐山(1976)和汶川(2008)等大地震深入的震害調查和現場勘測,對我國工程抗震技術的發(fā)展及抗震規(guī)范的形成起到了極大的推動作用。 地震液化及震害在以往歷次大地震破壞中占有相當的比重,是巖土地震工程學者及工程師密切關注的課題。目前液化研究已經取得了很大進展,但從現有的成果看,離客觀需求還有很大距離,特別是以實際液化調查數據分析場地液化特征以及從實際資料出發(fā)研究影響液化的因素等方面,近些年成果尚少,一定程度阻滯了巖土地震工程和土動力學的發(fā)展,主要表現在：(1)缺乏地震現場液化宏觀評價的調查方法和描述標準,使得研究人員對地震中液化程度以及所造成的震害情況不能得到全面的認識；(2)國內外歷次大地震中液化資料及數據缺乏系統(tǒng)的整理,液化數據庫建設亟待解決；(3)近期國際上大地震液化實測數據分析整理不夠,對實測資料中所反映液化場地特征認識不足,對國內外液化數據的差別和聯(lián)系還缺乏了解,使得我國液化判別方法現狀和發(fā)展方向認識不清；(4)近期大地震獲取了很多寶貴的液化場地實測新數據,可以用來分析影響液化的場地特征量與液化的相關性,得到實際動荷情況、真實埋藏條件以及現場實測土力學指標與液化相關程度的真實認識,用于檢驗現有的液化判別方法,但以往這方面的研究成果尚少。 本論文的完成的主要工作及成果如下： 1.收集整理了國內外48次大地震的液化資料,建立了場地液化資料數據庫,分析了包括土層埋藏條件(埋深、水位)、土性(密實度、粒徑)和基本力學指標(標貫擊數)等場地特征,剖析了大陸與其他地區(qū)場地特征的差別和聯(lián)系,對土層液化得到了較為全面和客觀的認識,修正了傳統(tǒng)認識上的一些錯誤和偏差。 2.鑒于震害調查工作的需求和現有規(guī)范的缺欠,通過對汶川地震實際液化考察過程中遇到問題及思考,提出了宏觀液化指數和宏觀液化等級的概念及劃分標準,并對比國內外震害資料論證了所提出標準的可行性,為震后液化調查和震害評估提供一套便于參考的指標,也為液化研究積累可靠全面的基礎資料提供了必要的手段。 3.系統(tǒng)地整理了我國汶川Ms8.0級大地震液化震害調查資料,根據獲取的汶川地震液化調查資料及現場勘探數據,采用提出的宏觀液化指數和等級的劃分標準,深入地剖析了汶川地震液化震害,給出了汶川地震及成都、德陽和綿陽三個主要液化區(qū)的宏觀液化等級分布及震害案例分析,同時利用震害調查資料,分析了液化與非液化場地震害、宏觀液化指數與地震動等之間的關系,為全面、深入了解和掌握汶川地震液化特點提供了依據。 4.收集了51個國內外地震的5103例數據,利用皮氏積距相關系數法分析了PGA、水位、埋深、標貫以及波速等幾個影響液化的特征參數與液化的相關性,對比分析了在不同埋深、水位和烈度范圍內各參數相關性及各參數間相互關系,得到了實際動荷情況、真實埋藏條件以及現場實測土力學指標與液化關聯(lián)性的真實結果,給出了大陸、臺灣、歐美和日本地震中影響液化的特征參數與液化相關性的對比結果,為深化土層與地震動特征量與液化關系的認識、檢驗現有液化判別方法提供了支持。 5.利用建立的液化數據庫,采用液化數據實際相關性與公式推演數據相關性對比方法,對我國規(guī)范中SPT、CPT和Vs液化判別公式進行了檢驗,給出了三個液化判別方法的可靠性評價,指出我國規(guī)范CPT液化判別公式中砂層埋深符號定性的錯誤以及我國規(guī)范Vs液化判別公式中砂層埋深對液化判別貢獻過小的問題。 6.收集整理了2011年2月22日新西蘭Christchurch地震中液化數據,分析了液化場地的特征,并利用相關性理論研究了砂層埋深和水位、標準貫入擊數和地震強度等特征參數與液化的相關性,得到新西蘭地震液化較為全面和客觀的認識,同時分析了新西蘭地震與國內外其它地震場地特征與液化相關性的差異和聯(lián)系。
[Abstract]:Earthquake damage investigation is the most important means of obtaining engineering seismic data and experience , and it is also the basis for the development of seismic theory and analysis method of engineering . The development of engineering seismology is inseparable from previous seismic exploration , especially destructive earthquake damage . In the course of seismic design technology evolution in China , there are deep seismic hazard investigation and site survey of Heyuan ( 1962 ) , Xingtai ( 1966 ) , Tonghai ( 1970 ) , Haicheng ( 1975 ) , Tangshan ( 1976 ) and Wenchuan ( 2008 ) .

Seismic liquefaction and earthquake damage have a significant proportion in previous major earthquake damage , which is a subject of close attention by scholars and engineers of geotechnical seismic engineering . However , the present research has made great progress , but from the existing results , there is still a great distance from objective demand , especially in the analysis of liquefaction characteristics of the site and factors affecting liquefaction from the actual data .
( 2 ) At home and abroad , the liquefaction data and data lack systematic arrangement , and the construction of liquefaction database needs to be solved urgently ;
( 3 ) In recent years , the data analysis of liquefaction test data in the world is not enough , the lack of understanding of the characteristics of liquefaction sites reflected in the measured data , and the lack of understanding of the differences and connections between the domestic and foreign liquefaction data , so that the present situation and the development direction of the liquefaction discrimination method in China are not clear ;
( 4 ) In recent large earthquakes , many valuable new data of liquefaction site have been acquired , which can be used to analyze the correlation between the site feature quantity and liquefaction of liquefaction , to obtain the actual dynamic load , the true burial condition and the real understanding of the soil mechanics index and liquefaction - related degree in the field , which can be used to test the existing liquefaction discrimination method , but the previous research results in this area are still few .

The main work and achievements of the thesis are as follows :

1 . The liquefaction data of 48 major earthquakes at home and abroad were collected , and a database of site liquefaction data was established . The characteristics of site characteristics such as buried depth , water level , soil ( density , particle size ) and basic mechanical index ( SPT ) were analyzed .

2 . In view of the needs of earthquake damage investigation and the lack of existing specifications , the concept and division standard of macro - liquefaction index and macro - liquefaction level are put forward through the investigation of the actual liquefaction of Wenchuan earthquake , and the feasibility of the proposed standard is demonstrated by comparing the seismic hazard data at home and abroad .

3 . The investigation data of earthquake damage of Wenchuan Ms8.0 earthquake in China is systematically collated . According to the obtained data of seismic liquefaction investigation and site exploration data of Wenchuan earthquake , the macroscopic liquefaction level distribution and earthquake damage case analysis of Wenchuan earthquake and three main liquefaction areas in Chengdu , Deyang and Mianyang are analyzed . Meanwhile , the relations between liquefaction and non - liquefaction site earthquake damage , macroscopic liquefaction index and ground motion are analyzed , which provides a basis for comprehensive and in - depth understanding and mastery of the seismic liquefaction characteristics of Wenchuan earthquake .

4 . We collected 5103 data from 51 domestic and foreign earthquakes , analyzed the correlation between the parameters of PGA , water level , burial depth , standard penetration and wave velocity , and analyzed the correlation between parameters and liquefaction in different depth , water level , burial depth , standard penetration and wave velocity .

5 . By using the established liquefaction database , using the correlation of the actual correlation of liquefaction data and the formula deduction data correlation method , the paper presents the test of SPT , CPT and Vs liquefaction discrimination formulas in our country codes , and gives the reliability evaluation of the three liquefaction discrimination methods , and points out the error of the qualitative error of the sand layer buried deep symbol in the standard CPT liquefaction discrimination formula and the problem that the burial depth of the sand layer in the standard Vs liquefaction discrimination formula contributes too little to the liquefaction discrimination .

6 . The liquefaction data in Christchurch earthquake of New Zealand on Feb . 22 , 2011 is collected , the characteristics of liquefaction site are analyzed , and the correlation between the characteristics parameters and liquefaction of sand layer depth and water level , standard penetration strike number and seismic intensity are studied by using correlation theory .

【學位授予單位】：中國地震局工程力學研究所
【學位級別】：博士
【學位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：TU435

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本文編號：1678857