本文選題：硅藻　切入點(diǎn)：尖針桿藻　出處：《哈爾濱工業(yè)大學(xué)》2013年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：尖針桿藻（Synedra acus KUtzing）是硅藻的一種，在自然水體中分布廣泛，常在冬季和春季的低溫、高溶氧、貧營養(yǎng)性的水體中形成單一的優(yōu)勢種群。水源中的尖針桿藻進(jìn)入水處理系統(tǒng)后，會(huì)影響混凝沉淀過程，造成濾池嚴(yán)重堵塞。尖針桿藻在濾池的表面板結(jié)成藻類團(tuán)狀泥糊，直接導(dǎo)致反沖洗周期縮短和反沖洗耗水量呈幾何級數(shù)增長。 本文主要立足于解決尖針桿藻堵塞砂濾池的問題，進(jìn)行了尖針桿藻堵塞砂濾池過程分析；對比研究了強(qiáng)化混凝沉淀、過濾截留和氣浮三種不同方法對尖針桿藻的去除技術(shù)效果分析；并進(jìn)行了尖針桿藻堵塞濾池的應(yīng)急去除研究。 研究了尖針桿藻堵塞砂濾池的現(xiàn)象與其本身長度和濾砂粒徑的關(guān)系。濾砂粒徑和尖針桿藻長度的比值R小于3時(shí)，尖針桿藻完全無法通過濾砂；R在3-6之間時(shí)，，尖針桿藻會(huì)造成濾砂嚴(yán)重堵塞；R在6-8之間時(shí)，尖針桿藻的堵塞情況不甚嚴(yán)重；R大于8時(shí)，尖針桿藻不會(huì)造成明顯堵塞。正常的反沖洗過程對去除濾池內(nèi)成團(tuán)的尖針桿藻效果不好。對比了實(shí)驗(yàn)室內(nèi)和實(shí)際生產(chǎn)過程中尖針桿藻堵塞濾池的不同現(xiàn)象，進(jìn)一步分析了堵塞的原因。 尖針桿藻自身難以沉降，加入助凝劑進(jìn)行混凝沉淀可以提高對尖針桿藻的去除率。尖針桿藻的去除率隨pH值升高而增大，當(dāng)投加石灰4mg/L調(diào)節(jié)pH值在8時(shí)，尖針桿藻的去除率從40%上升到60%；PAC的投加量低于2mg/L時(shí)與尖針桿藻的去除率有正相關(guān)的關(guān)系，在投加量為2mg/L時(shí)去除率可達(dá)60%；HCA、PAM和藻酸鈉對去除尖針桿藻都有輔助作用，相同投加量情況下HCA效果優(yōu)于PAM；預(yù)氧化可以提高尖針桿藻的去除率，KMnO4、NaClO、ClO2都可以將去除率提高到90%；預(yù)氧化與助凝劑的聯(lián)合使用條件下尖針桿藻去除率達(dá)可到98%。 過濾截留可以去除尖針桿藻，但存在著堵塞和清洗困難的問題。200目到300目的不銹鋼濾網(wǎng)可以對尖針桿藻實(shí)現(xiàn)30%-60%的截留，6小時(shí)過濾后的濾速損失在40%-60%之間。 氣浮可以有效快速去除尖針桿藻�；炷^程對氣浮去除尖針桿藻影響較大，控制濁度、pH值和助凝劑的投加量可以在5分鐘內(nèi)使尖針桿藻的去除率達(dá)到88%。氣浮對尖針桿藻的去除率低于混凝沉淀過程。 對已經(jīng)嚴(yán)重堵塞的砂濾池采取氧化劑浸泡和物理去除的方式可以防止成團(tuán)尖針桿藻附著在濾砂表面，從而改善反沖洗對濾池內(nèi)尖針桿藻的去除效果。
[Abstract]:Synedra acus Kutzingis a kind of diatom, which is widely distributed in natural water. It often forms a single dominant population in low temperature, high dissolved oxygen and poor nutrition water in winter and spring. It will affect the coagulation and sedimentation process and cause serious blockage in the filter. The algal muddy paste formed on the surface of the filter directly results in the shortening of backwashing cycle and the geometric increase of backwashing water consumption. In this paper, based on solving the problem of blocking sand filter, the process of clogging sand filter is analyzed, and the enhanced coagulant sedimentation is compared and studied. Three different methods of filtration interception and air floatation were used to analyze the technical effect of the removal of Phellodendron cuspidata, and the emergency removal of the clogged filter was studied. The relationship between the phenomenon of blocking sand filter and the length of sand filter and the diameter of sand filter is studied. The ratio R of sand filter diameter and the length of algaea cuspidata is less than 3:00, when the sand filter can not pass through the sand filter R between 3 and 6, the ratio of sand filter diameter and sand filter diameter is less than 3:00. When the filter sand clogging rate is between 6 and 8, the clogging rate is lower than 8:00. The normal backwashing process is not good for removing the agglomerated alga in the filter. The different phenomena of blocking the filter in laboratory and in actual production are compared. The causes of blockage are further analyzed. It is difficult for the alga to settle itself. Adding coagulant to coagulate and precipitate can increase the removal rate of P. cuspidata, and the removal rate increases with the increase of pH value, when the pH value is adjusted at 8:00 by adding lime 4mg / L, the removal rate of P. cuspidata can be increased with the addition of lime 4mg / L to adjust the pH value at 8:00. When the dosage of PAC was less than 2 mg / L, there was a positive correlation between the removal rate and the removal rate of P. cuspidata. When the dosage was 2 mg / L, the removal rate could be up to 60% HCAPAM and sodium alginate were helpful to the removal of Phaeopsis cuspidata. At the same dosage, the effect of HCA was better than that of pam, the removal rate of KMnO _ 4 and NaClO _ 2 could be increased to 90% by pre-oxidation, and the removal rate of alga cuspidata was up to 98% under the condition of combination of pre-oxidation and coagulant. Filtration and retention can remove Acetoderma cuspidata, but there are some problems such as clogging and cleaning difficulty. From 200 mesh to 300 mesh stainless steel filter can achieve 30% -60% loss of filtration speed after 6 hours of filtration for Phellodendron cuspidata, and the loss of filtration velocity is between 40% and 60%. Air floatation can effectively and quickly remove Acetoderma cuspidata. The coagulation process has a great influence on the removal of Phellodendron cuspidata by air floatation. Controlling the pH value of turbidity and the dosage of coagulant can make the removal rate of P. cuspidata reach 88% in 5 minutes, and the removal rate of air floatation is lower than that of coagulant sedimentation process. Using oxidant immersion and physical removal to the seriously blocked sand filter can prevent the alga from sticking to the sand filter surface, thus improving the effect of backwashing on the removal of Acetoderma cuspidata in the filter.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：哈爾濱工業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：TU991.2

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