本文選題：建筑能量系統(tǒng)　切入點(diǎn)：采暖和制冷　出處：《湖南大學(xué)》2013年博士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：能源是發(fā)展生產(chǎn)力和提高人類生活水平的基礎(chǔ)，能源的短缺促使人們意識到節(jié)能的重要性，但是要回答何謂節(jié)能其實(shí)并不簡單，只考慮能量平衡的熱力學(xué)第一定律回答不了這一問題，從能量利用價(jià)值角度看，節(jié)能實(shí)質(zhì)上是對常規(guī)能源中的可用能“火用”的節(jié)約與利用。本文基于熱力學(xué)第二定律的火用分析方法，提出了從建筑能源的轉(zhuǎn)換、輸送到用戶終端能量使用全過程，即從一次能源到圍護(hù)結(jié)構(gòu)建筑能量系統(tǒng)的火用分析理論模型，詳細(xì)探討了火用分析對環(huán)境狀態(tài)選擇的敏感性，主要研究內(nèi)容和成果包括以下幾方面： 首先，以全國27個(gè)典型城市的氣象數(shù)據(jù)為依據(jù)，研究靜態(tài)和逐時(shí)變化的環(huán)境基準(zhǔn)狀態(tài)對空氣處理過程火用分析結(jié)果的影響。結(jié)果表明，夏季氣候高溫濕熱的地區(qū)，對空氣冷卻處理過程進(jìn)行火用分析時(shí)，濕空氣的化學(xué)火用不能忽略，靜態(tài)和逐時(shí)變化的兩種環(huán)境基準(zhǔn)狀態(tài)下火用分析結(jié)果誤差不大，因此可用室外平均溫度和濕度代替逐時(shí)變化的溫度和濕度。對于有空調(diào)期的大部分城市來說，靜態(tài)和逐時(shí)變化的兩種環(huán)境基準(zhǔn)狀態(tài)下的化學(xué)火用誤差較小，在計(jì)算濕空氣火用值時(shí)，可用空調(diào)期室外平均濕度替代逐時(shí)變化的室外濕度。采暖期，對空氣加熱處理過程進(jìn)行火用分析時(shí)，靜態(tài)和逐時(shí)變化的兩種環(huán)境基準(zhǔn)狀態(tài)下的火用分析結(jié)果誤差較小，因此采暖期空氣加熱處理時(shí)可用室外平均溫度代替逐時(shí)變化的溫度作為環(huán)境基準(zhǔn)溫度。 其次，以分體式熱泵空調(diào)系統(tǒng)為例，以典型氣象年逐時(shí)變化的室外溫度和濕度作為環(huán)境基準(zhǔn)狀態(tài)，基于制冷狀態(tài)下空調(diào)房間室內(nèi)空氣的化學(xué)火用，建立了從一次能源到圍護(hù)結(jié)構(gòu)分體式熱泵系統(tǒng)能量流動(dòng)的火用分析理論模型，并將其應(yīng)用到工程實(shí)例中，結(jié)果表明，對于夏熱冬冷地區(qū)，圍護(hù)結(jié)構(gòu)適度保溫是必須的,但不應(yīng)一味的增加保溫層的厚度；在適度保溫的前提下，應(yīng)重點(diǎn)考慮提高熱泵系統(tǒng)效率，這樣建筑能量系統(tǒng)的能源利用效率才能達(dá)到最佳。一次能源階段和熱泵階段的火用損耗約占系統(tǒng)總火用損耗的80%以上，因此改善這兩個(gè)階段是提高系統(tǒng)火用效率的關(guān)鍵。 在此基礎(chǔ)上，根據(jù)建筑供暖與制冷系統(tǒng)能量流動(dòng)過程，包括圍護(hù)結(jié)構(gòu)、室內(nèi)空氣、末端設(shè)備、管網(wǎng)系統(tǒng)、冷熱源和一次能源轉(zhuǎn)換環(huán)節(jié)。建立系統(tǒng)各環(huán)節(jié)的火用分析理論模型及評價(jià)指標(biāo)。應(yīng)用火用分析理論模型，對某辦公大樓不同方案的能量系統(tǒng)從圍護(hù)結(jié)構(gòu)到一次能源轉(zhuǎn)換進(jìn)行火用分析，計(jì)算各環(huán)節(jié)的火用流、火用損、火用損率和系統(tǒng)火用效率，根據(jù)火用分析計(jì)算結(jié)果，評價(jià)不同建筑能量系統(tǒng)的優(yōu)劣。結(jié)果表明，系統(tǒng)中火用損最大的環(huán)節(jié)是一次能源轉(zhuǎn)換，冷源方案一次能源階段火用損率為64.8%~92.2%，熱源方案一次能源階段火用損率為64.6%~84.3%。 另外，分析建筑能量系統(tǒng)時(shí)應(yīng)考慮能量梯級利用的原則，在能量利用過程中,能級差越大,火用損失越大。本文提出了采用一次能源火用效率和能級平衡系數(shù)評價(jià)建筑冷熱源和末端設(shè)備。以1KJ冷量和熱量為例分析末端系統(tǒng)不同供回水溫度火用效率和能級平衡系數(shù)，結(jié)果表明，采暖期末端設(shè)備盡量采用低溫?zé)崴�，且盡量減少供回水溫差；空調(diào)期末端設(shè)備盡量提高供回水溫度，且盡量增大供回水溫差，這樣系統(tǒng)火用效率和能級平衡系數(shù)才能達(dá)到最優(yōu)。因此，在末端設(shè)備系統(tǒng)中，應(yīng)盡量采用接近室溫的冷熱介質(zhì)。 最后，提出了火用分析結(jié)合建筑生命周期方法評價(jià)既有建筑改造后的節(jié)能效果，運(yùn)用該方法對某建筑節(jié)能改造實(shí)例進(jìn)行了分析，結(jié)果表明，對于建造年代久遠(yuǎn)的建筑，在進(jìn)行圍護(hù)結(jié)構(gòu)節(jié)能改造時(shí)，，應(yīng)當(dāng)把改造后的節(jié)火用效果、節(jié)能效果和環(huán)境影響作為一個(gè)整體進(jìn)行綜合分析。
[Abstract]:Energy is the development of productive forces and foundation to improve the level of human life, the shortage of energy makes people realize the importance of saving energy, but to answer what is such is not simple, only consider the energy balance of the first law of thermodynamics can't answer this question, from the angle of energy utilization value, such is the essence of conventional energy in the available energy "and using energy saving". In this paper, based on the second law of thermodynamics exergy analysis method, proposed the transformation from the building energy, transportation to the user terminal energy used in the whole process, from an energy exergy building envelope energy system analysis model, discusses the exergy analysis of sensitivity to the environment state of choice. The main research contents and achievements include the following aspects:
First of all, to the national meteorological data of 27 typical city based on the environmental impact of reference state to study static and hourly variation of the air handling process of exergy analysis. The results show that the climate in hot humid summer, exergy analysis of air cooling process, the chemical exergy of moist air can not be ignored, the analysis results the error is not two static and hourly changing state environmental standards under the exergy, so it can be the average outdoor temperature and humidity instead of hourly variation of temperature and humidity. For most of the city air conditioning period, the chemical exergy error of two static and hourly changing state environmental benchmark under the small, in the calculation of the wet air the exergy value, outdoor humidity available outdoor air conditioning period average humidity instead of hourly variation. The heating period, exergy analysis of air heating process, static and hourly variation The error of exergy analysis under two environmental reference states is small, so the outdoor mean temperature instead of the hourly change temperature can be used as the reference temperature in heating period.
Secondly, the split type heat pump air conditioning system as an example, the typical meteorological year changed hourly outdoor temperature and humidity environment as the reference state, under the condition of chemical exergy refrigeration air conditioning room indoor air based on established from an energy to envelope exergy flow analysis model can split heat pump system, and it is applied to the engineering example, the results show that the hot summer and cold winter, moderate heat retaining structure is necessary, but should not blindly increase the thickness of the insulation layer; in the premise of moderate heat preservation, the focus should be to improve the efficiency of heat pump system, the energy efficiency in order to achieve the best way of building energy system. A stage and stage of energy heat pump exergy loss accounted for more than 80% of the total exergy loss, thus improving the two stage is the key to improve the exergy efficiency of the system.
On this basis, according to the building heating and cooling system in the process of energy flow, including building, indoor air, terminal equipment, network system, cold and heat sources and energy conversion. The exergy of each part of the system analysis theory to establish model and evaluation index. The application of exergy analysis model, energy system of an office building in different schemes the primary energy from retaining structural transfer exergy analysis, exergy calculation of flow, exergy and exergy loss and exergy efficiency of system, according to the calculation results of exergy evaluation, different building energy system. The results show that the largest part of the system exergy loss is an energy conversion, cold source schemes a stage of energy exergy loss rate is 64.8%~92.2%, an energy source stage of exergy loss rate was 64.6%~84.3%.
In addition, the analysis of building energy system should consider the principle of cascade utilization of energy, the energy utilization process, energy difference is bigger, the exergy loss is greater. This paper presents the use of primary energy and exergy efficiency of energy balance coefficient evaluation of building heating and cooling system and terminal equipment. The 1KJ cold and heat for the analysis of different supply and return water temperature the exergy efficiency and energy balance coefficient, end system results show that the heating terminal equipment as far as possible the use of low temperature hot water, and try to reduce the supply and return water temperature; air conditioning period end equipment to improve the supply and return water temperature, and to increase the supply and return water temperature, so the exergy efficiency of the system and the energy balance coefficient to achieve optimal. Therefore, in terminal equipment system in the cold and hot medium should be used close to room temperature.
Finally, put forward the energy saving effect of exergy analysis and evaluation method of building life cycle combined with the existing building after the transformation, this method is used in the example of a transformation of building energy saving is analyzed, results show that, for the construction of the age of the building, the energy saving renovation of retaining structure, should be transformed section exergy effect, energy saving and the environmental impact as a whole comprehensive analysis.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：湖南大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：TU111

【參考文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前10條

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2 張計(jì)鵬,傅秦生,馮霄;建筑系統(tǒng)節(jié)能的變溫環(huán)境基準(zhǔn)

本文編號：1588819