本文選題：老年人　切入點(diǎn)：城市公園　出處：《西南大學(xué)》2013年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：人口老齡化逐步增快,已成為世界性問題,對(duì)我們的社會(huì)、經(jīng)濟(jì)等各方面都產(chǎn)生了巨大影響。如何應(yīng)對(duì)人口老齡化,是全社會(huì)需共同面對(duì)的課題。目前,城市公園老年人戶外活動(dòng)空間已經(jīng)成為老年人活動(dòng)的主要場(chǎng)所。所以,研究城市公園老年人戶外活動(dòng)空間的建設(shè),為老年人創(chuàng)造一個(gè)良好的城市生活戶外活動(dòng)環(huán)境,使他們與社會(huì)建立必要的、良好的聯(lián)系,具有非常重要的意義。 本文以重慶市城市公園老年人戶外活動(dòng)空間為例,對(duì)建設(shè)適宜老年人的城市公園綠地展開研究,運(yùn)用了理論研究、調(diào)查統(tǒng)計(jì)、文獻(xiàn)資料收集歸納、理論與實(shí)踐相結(jié)合等研究方法,分析老年人的普遍生理、心理特點(diǎn)及相應(yīng)需求,以及老年人在參與戶外活動(dòng)時(shí)的特殊生理、心理特點(diǎn)及相應(yīng)需求,歸納目前城市公園老年人戶外活動(dòng)的類型、需求以及相應(yīng)活動(dòng)空間的布局、分類、構(gòu)成要素,然后探討適宜建設(shè)城市公園老年人戶外活動(dòng)空間的規(guī)劃設(shè)計(jì)策略,最后結(jié)合實(shí)際案例對(duì)規(guī)劃設(shè)計(jì)策略進(jìn)行補(bǔ)充、論證。 經(jīng)過初步研究得到以下結(jié)論： 第一,老年人的生理特征與其他年齡階段的人群存在較大差異,他們的神經(jīng)機(jī)能、感知機(jī)能、肌肉骨骼運(yùn)動(dòng)機(jī)能、心血管機(jī)能、呼吸機(jī)能、皮膚調(diào)節(jié)溫度機(jī)能等呈現(xiàn)一定的衰老現(xiàn)象。因?yàn)橛羞@些獨(dú)特的生理特征,所以老年人對(duì)戶外活動(dòng)及戶外活動(dòng)空間也有其特殊需求,如安全需求、舒適需求、健身需求等。 第二,老年人的整體心理狀況同其他年齡階段的人群相比,呈現(xiàn)更多的不良情緒,因而顯得更為脆弱、需要社會(huì)為其提供更多關(guān)注。常見的老年人不良情緒有失落感、孤寂感、疑慮感、抑郁感、恐懼感等。通過相關(guān)研究,發(fā)現(xiàn)進(jìn)行戶外活動(dòng)能夠緩和老年人的不良情緒,所以應(yīng)為老年人創(chuàng)造適宜的公園戶外活動(dòng)空間,鼓勵(lì)他們積極進(jìn)行戶外活動(dòng)。 第三,公園內(nèi)老年人的戶外活動(dòng)多種多樣,總體來說,可以分為四大類：休閑類、健身類、交往類、文化類。每種類型的活動(dòng)都有其相應(yīng)的特點(diǎn)。活動(dòng)與活動(dòng)空間相輔相成,所以不同類型的活動(dòng)需要不同類型的活動(dòng)空間,例如集體活動(dòng)如合唱團(tuán)、舞蹈表演等就需要大型、開敞的活動(dòng)空間。 第四,根據(jù)公園老年人戶外活動(dòng)的特點(diǎn),宜處理好不同活動(dòng)空間之間的關(guān)系,既要彼此獨(dú)立,又要相互聯(lián)系。例如可將公園中部分休息交往型活動(dòng)空間,布置于進(jìn)行合唱表演等集體活動(dòng)的休閑娛樂型空間附近,這樣既能滿足不同活動(dòng)類型的老年人互不干擾,又能滿足參與交往休息型活動(dòng)的老年人觀看他人活動(dòng)的需求。 第五,影響老年人到公園進(jìn)行戶外活動(dòng)的因素多種多樣,如性別差異、年齡差異、季節(jié)變化、公園景觀環(huán)境等。這些因素有的較為主觀,與老年人的生理、心理特征密不可分；也有些是公園環(huán)境、氣候條件等帶來的客觀影響,如季節(jié)變化帶來的影響等�？傮w說來,設(shè)計(jì)者、公園管理處要重視影響老年人到公園進(jìn)行戶外活動(dòng)的因素,并對(duì)此采取相應(yīng)措施,以鼓勵(lì)老年人的戶外活動(dòng)行為。
[Abstract]:The aging population gradually increased, the world has become a problem in our society, have had a tremendous impact on all aspects of the economy. How to deal with the aging of the population, the whole society should work together to face the issue. At present, the main place of outdoor activity space of city park has become the elderly elderly activities. Therefore, the construction of the outdoor activity space of the elderly in the city park, to create a good living environment of city outdoor activities for the elderly, make them and establish the necessary society, good contact, has very important significance.
In this paper, the outdoor activity space of Chongqing City Park as an example of the construction of the elderly, suitable for the elderly to the city park green space research, uses the theory research, literature survey, data collection and research methods of combination of theory and practice, analysis of the elderly general physiological, psychological characteristics and the corresponding demand, as well as special the elderly to participate in outdoor activities in the physiological and psychological characteristics and the corresponding types of needs, summarized the current city park elderly outdoor activities, needs and the corresponding space layout, classification, elements, planning and design strategies suitable for the construction of city park elderly outdoor activities space and the actual cases of planning and design the strategy complement argument.
After a preliminary study, the following conclusions are obtained:
First, there is a big difference between the physiological characteristics of the elderly and other age groups, their nerve function, sensing function, musculoskeletal movement function, cardiovascular function, respiratory, skin temperature regulating function of aging phenomenon. Because of the unique physiological characteristics, so the elderly have their special needs outdoor activities and outdoor activities such as space, security requirements, demands for comfort, fitness needs.
Second, compared with the overall psychological status of elderly people of other age groups, showed more negative emotions, which is more fragile, the society should provide more attention to the elderly. The common negative emotions have a sense of loss, loneliness, feelings of doubt, depression, fear and so on. Through research, found that outdoor activities can help the elderly's bad mood, so should create a suitable park space for outdoor activities for the elderly, encourage them to actively carry out outdoor activities.
Third, park the elderly outdoor activities varied, in general, can be divided into four categories: leisure, fitness, communication, and culture. Each type of activity has its corresponding characteristics. Space activities and complement each other, so different types of activities to different types of space activities for example, the collective activities such as Chorus, dance performances and other needs of large, open space.
Fourth, according to the characteristics of Park elderly outdoor activities, should deal with the relationship between the different activity space, should be independent of each other, and contact each other. For example the park rest communicative activities near space, recreational space layout for the chorus type and other collective activities, so as to meet the needs of different activities the elderly do not interfere with each other, and can meet the rest type participate in communication activities of the elderly to watch others activities.
Fifth, a variety of factors of elderly outdoor activities in the park such as diversity, gender differences, age differences, seasonal changes, the park landscape environment. Some of these factors are subjective, physiological and psychological characteristics of the elderly, but some are inseparable; park environment, the objective impact of climate conditions, such as seasonal change the influence and so on. Generally speaking, the designer, park management office should pay attention to the factors affecting the elderly outdoor activities in the park, and take corresponding measures to encourage the elderly outdoor activities.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：西南大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號(hào)】：TU986

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