本文關(guān)鍵詞： 飲用水 水源地 農(nóng)村 環(huán)境質(zhì)量 基礎(chǔ)調(diào)查 評(píng)估　出處：《湘潭大學(xué)》2013年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：飲用水安全是一個(gè)非常重要的問題，與人們的健康安全以及國(guó)家的安定和諧密切相關(guān)。隨著我國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)的快速發(fā)展，較大程度上開發(fā)水資源導(dǎo)致了水體污染日益嚴(yán)重，也使飲用水安全成為了當(dāng)今研究的熱點(diǎn)。目前我國(guó)農(nóng)村飲用水基礎(chǔ)狀況和污染狀況不清，水環(huán)境監(jiān)管體系不完善，環(huán)境管理基礎(chǔ)薄弱。因此，迫切需要開展農(nóng)村飲用水水源地基礎(chǔ)環(huán)境狀況調(diào)查與綜合評(píng)估，開展飲用水水源地環(huán)境保護(hù)工作。 本論文針對(duì)湖南省118個(gè)典型鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)集中式飲用水水源地，收集環(huán)保部門2008年歷史監(jiān)測(cè)數(shù)據(jù)并結(jié)合2009年6月15日統(tǒng)一開展的118個(gè)典型鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)飲用水水源地的同步監(jiān)測(cè)數(shù)據(jù)，調(diào)查了飲用水水源地基礎(chǔ)環(huán)境狀況，評(píng)價(jià)了飲用水水源地水質(zhì)狀況，評(píng)估了飲用水水源地綜合環(huán)境問題，提出了湖南省鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)飲用水水源地環(huán)境管理對(duì)策。論文的主要研究結(jié)論如下： （1）湖南省農(nóng)村飲用水水源以河流型飲用水水源為主（51個(gè)，占43.2%），其次為地下水飲用水水源（44個(gè)，占37.3%）和湖庫型飲用水水源（23個(gè)，占19.5%）。地下水型飲用水水源地保護(hù)區(qū)人口密度最大，河流型次之，湖庫型最少，，分別為1640.79、1177.48和254.52人/平方公里；湖南典型鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)飲用水水源地供水結(jié)構(gòu)以生活用水為主，人均日生活用水量119.25升，主要供水方式為地下暗管直接輸送入戶，水質(zhì)處理率為61.0%；典型鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)飲用水水源地涉及135家工業(yè)污染源，共排放工業(yè)廢水2190.436萬噸，占水源地廢水總排放量的55.9%；排放6025.98噸COD，占總排放量的27.9%；排放氨氮1095.89噸，占總排放量的35.7%。 （2）典型鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)飲用水水源地主要超標(biāo)污染因子為總大腸菌群、糞大腸菌群、氨氮、鐵、錳、溶解氧、總磷和總氮。118個(gè)典型鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)飲用水水源地監(jiān)測(cè)結(jié)果中，符合Ⅲ類水質(zhì)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的水源地93個(gè)，達(dá)標(biāo)率為78.8%。其中湖庫型水源地達(dá)標(biāo)率為95.7%，河流型水源地達(dá)標(biāo)率為92.2%，地下水水源地達(dá)標(biāo)率為54.5%。 （3）基于飲用水水源地環(huán)境稟賦、污染狀況、環(huán)境監(jiān)管和環(huán)境風(fēng)險(xiǎn)等指標(biāo)層，綜合評(píng)價(jià)全省典型鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)飲用水水源地環(huán)境狀況。結(jié)果表明，河流型水源地環(huán)境稟賦較好，地下水型水源地環(huán)境稟賦較差；河流型水源地水質(zhì)達(dá)標(biāo)率較高，地下水型水源地水質(zhì)達(dá)標(biāo)率較低；典型鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)飲用水水源地水質(zhì)主要受生活源和其它非點(diǎn)源影響；水源地環(huán)境監(jiān)管能力差、保護(hù)區(qū)管理滯后；飲用水水源地的環(huán)境風(fēng)險(xiǎn)較大。 （4）飲用水水源地環(huán)境管理的相應(yīng)對(duì)策應(yīng)包括調(diào)整產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)和布局；淘汰工藝落后，推動(dòng)廢水集中治理；推進(jìn)清潔生產(chǎn)和循環(huán)經(jīng)濟(jì)；大力采用資源利用率高、污染物產(chǎn)生量少的清潔生產(chǎn)技術(shù)、工藝和設(shè)備；加大重點(diǎn)區(qū)域和企業(yè)的監(jiān)管力度；嚴(yán)格關(guān)停整治飲用水源保護(hù)區(qū)內(nèi)以及對(duì)飲用水源水質(zhì)有影響的污染企業(yè)并加強(qiáng)跟蹤監(jiān)管；建立水源地監(jiān)控預(yù)警對(duì)策等。
[Abstract]:The safety of drinking water is a very important issue, which is closely related to the health and safety of people and the stability and harmony of our country. With the rapid development of our economy, the exploitation of water resources to a large extent has led to increasing water pollution. At present, the basic condition and pollution of drinking water in rural areas are not clear, the supervision system of water environment is not perfect, and the foundation of environmental management is weak. It is urgent to carry out the investigation and comprehensive assessment of the basic environmental conditions of the rural drinking water sources and to carry out the environmental protection work of the drinking water sources. Aiming at 118 typical township drinking water sources in Hunan province, this paper collects the historical monitoring data of environmental protection department on 2008, and combines with the synchronous monitoring data of 118 typical township drinking water sources developed in June 15th 2009. The basic environmental conditions of drinking water sources are investigated, the water quality of drinking water sources is evaluated, and the comprehensive environmental problems of drinking water sources are evaluated. The environmental management countermeasures of drinking water sources in villages and towns in Hunan Province are put forward. The main conclusions of this paper are as follows:. (1) the main sources of drinking water in rural areas of Hunan Province are river drinking water sources (51 sources, 43.22%), groundwater drinking water sources (44 sources, 37.3%) and lake and reservoir drinking water sources (23 sources, 19.50.The population density of groundwater drinking water source protection areas is the highest. The river type was the second, the lake and reservoir type was the least, which was 1640.79 / km2, 1177.48 and 254.52 people / km2, the water supply structure of drinking water sources in typical villages and towns in Hunan was mainly composed of domestic water, and the daily daily water consumption per capita was 119.25 liters. The main mode of water supply is the underground underground pipe, the water quality treatment rate is 61.0%, the drinking water source of typical villages and towns involves 135 industrial pollution sources, and twenty-one million nine hundred and four thousand and three hundred and sixty tons of industrial waste water is discharged. It accounts for 55.9% of the total discharge of wastewater from the water source, 6025.98 tons of COD, accounting for 27.9% of the total discharge, and 1095.89 tons of ammonia nitrogen, accounting for 35.775% of the total discharge. 2) Total coliform bacteria, fecal coliform bacteria, ammonia nitrogen, iron, manganese, dissolved oxygen, total phosphorus and total nitrogen were the main pollution factors in drinking water sources of typical towns. There are 93 water sources in accordance with the water quality standards of class 鈪

本文編號(hào)：1537903