本文關鍵詞： 碳評估 低碳社區(qū) 建成環(huán)境 碳排放模型　出處：《哈爾濱工業(yè)大學》2013年碩士論文　論文類型：學位論文

【摘要】：作為21世紀新興的重要議題之一，氣候變化問題已成為全球關注的焦點。盡管減緩氣候變化的議題始于全球氣候變化模型以及國際減排協(xié)議，但城市/社區(qū)作為溫室氣體直接排放的地方，更是人們生活并直接感受到氣候變化影響的地方，這一尺度的應對措施同樣必不可少�；跍p排問題的復雜性，包含國家、地方、和個人的多層次技術解決方案才能真正有效的實現(xiàn)減緩氣候變化的目標，而社區(qū)尺度的碳減排則是其中的重要環(huán)節(jié)。而在IPCC溫室氣體減排政策的影響下，全球應對氣候變化策略的重點集中于科學技術及經濟政策等領域。但事實證明沒有傳統(tǒng)空間規(guī)劃控制的土地利用，交通，基礎設施及建筑的作用，應對氣候變化的行為無法取得令人滿意的成果�，F(xiàn)有研究基本上以整個城市作為研究對象，其使用的自上而下的消費數(shù)據(jù)，，無法與城市規(guī)劃的空間要素相對應，在指導低碳社區(qū)空間方面缺乏足夠的碳排放模型數(shù)據(jù)支持。 本文采用“為什么一是什么一做什么一怎樣做”的技術路線。首先，通過對低碳城市構建的內容、方法、工具發(fā)展的現(xiàn)實需求進行綜述，提出理解城市/社區(qū)尺度建成環(huán)境特征與能源需求和碳排放的關系的低碳規(guī)劃的趨勢，認為低碳規(guī)劃有必要實現(xiàn)碳排放影響與土地利用、城市形態(tài)和建筑形態(tài)等建成環(huán)境決策的兼容。在此理論基礎之上，從核心概念、基本特征和目標構成等方面對建成環(huán)境碳評估的內涵予以闡釋，作為模型建構的理論基礎，解決“是什么”的問題。其次，由城市碳循環(huán)要素和社區(qū)功能分析入手，從模型計算和空間分解兩方面提出了建成環(huán)境碳評估模型框架，解決“做什么”的問題。再次，采用新陳代謝方法對華僑城社區(qū)碳物質代謝循環(huán)建模，量化社區(qū)內碳的存儲和水平、垂直流動過程。模型輸入數(shù)據(jù)（土里覆蓋、人口、建筑類型、植物結構）來源于空間和非空間數(shù)據(jù)的結合。模型輸出以社區(qū)整體和建筑、居民出行、居民生活、土壤和植被等分部門的碳流動量化及空間分解的形式表達并對華僑城社區(qū)內不同功能分區(qū)的碳排放空間分布特征展開分析。繼而從建成環(huán)境特征及規(guī)劃指標方面探討其對于碳排放的影響。解決“怎樣做”的問題。由此，基于代謝理論的社區(qū)建成環(huán)境碳評估模型構建及應用方法，是本文的核心研究成果。
[Abstract]:In 21th century, as one of the most important emerging issues, climate change has become the focus of global attention. Although the issue of climate change mitigation begins with the global climate change model and international agreements to reduce emissions, But cities / communities, as places where greenhouse gases are emitted directly, where people live and feel the effects of climate change directly, are equally essential on this scale. And individual multi-level technology solutions to achieve the goal of mitigating climate change effectively, and community-scale carbon abatement is an important part of it. And under the influence of IPCC greenhouse gas abatement policy, The global response to climate change is focused on areas such as science, technology and economic policy. But the role of land use, transportation, infrastructure and construction without traditional spatial planning controls has been proven. The response to climate change has not yielded satisfactory results. Existing research has largely focused on the entire city, using top-down consumption data that do not correspond to the spatial elements of urban planning. Lack of adequate carbon emission model data to guide low-carbon community space. This paper adopts the technical route of "why one is doing what one does? how to do it". First of all, it summarizes the actual needs of the development of low-carbon cities through the contents, methods and tools of the development of low-carbon cities. Proposing the trend of low-carbon planning to understand the relationship between urban / community scale built environment characteristics and energy demand and carbon emissions, and the need for low-carbon planning to achieve carbon emission impacts and land use, On the basis of this theory, the connotation of carbon assessment of built environment is explained in terms of core concept, basic characteristics and target composition, which is the theoretical basis of model construction. Secondly, starting with the analysis of urban carbon cycle elements and community function, the paper puts forward the framework of environmental carbon assessment model from two aspects of model calculation and spatial decomposition, and solves the problem of "what to do". The metabolic method was used to model the carbon metabolism cycle in the community of overseas Chinese city, quantifying the carbon storage and horizontal, vertical flow process in the community. The model input data (soil cover, population, building type), Plant structure) comes from a combination of spatial and non-spatial data. The model outputs community as a whole and buildings, residents travel, residents live, The forms of carbon flow quantification and spatial decomposition in soil and vegetation subsectors are expressed and the spatial distribution characteristics of carbon emissions in different functional districts in the community of overseas Chinese Town are analyzed. Then, from the aspects of built environmental characteristics and planning indicators, the characteristics of carbon emissions are analyzed. Discuss its impact on carbon emissions, solve the problem of "how to do". The construction and application of community built environmental carbon assessment model based on metabolism theory is the core research result of this paper.
【學位授予單位】：哈爾濱工業(yè)大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：X821;TU984.12

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