本文關(guān)鍵詞： 牧民定居 生態(tài)移民 居住空間 空間模式 建設(shè)模式　出處：《西安建筑科技大學(xué)》2013年博士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：內(nèi)蒙古草原牧民居住建筑是草原人民聰明智慧的體現(xiàn)，是在一定歷史時期的人適應(yīng)自然環(huán)境一種建筑形態(tài)，是與其特定的生產(chǎn)和生活方式相協(xié)調(diào)的，，具有極其樸素的生態(tài)思想。在當(dāng)今快速城市化的時代背景下研究草原牧民居住建筑有益于內(nèi)蒙古草原地域建筑文化的保護(hù)和傳統(tǒng)建筑技術(shù)的發(fā)揚(yáng)。研究不僅尋求繼承優(yōu)秀的草原文化的精髓，而且也是探索可持續(xù)發(fā)展的草原人居環(huán)境理論的重要部分。研究對于更好地開展草原定居點(diǎn)建設(shè)，改善牧區(qū)人居環(huán)境和生活狀況有重要的現(xiàn)實(shí)意義。研究的成果將為內(nèi)蒙古地區(qū)建設(shè)可持續(xù)發(fā)展的、和諧的社會主義新型牧民定居點(diǎn)和社會主義新農(nóng)村提供理論依據(jù)和實(shí)踐基礎(chǔ)。 本文從草原牧民居住空間形態(tài)的演變出發(fā)，系統(tǒng)分析和總結(jié)其中的生態(tài)經(jīng)驗(yàn)，從生態(tài)和技術(shù)的角度重新詮釋草原居住空間形態(tài)和構(gòu)筑形態(tài)，發(fā)掘與提煉傳統(tǒng)建筑的技術(shù)模式與建筑語匯，豐富地域建筑的創(chuàng)作源泉。本論文通過對內(nèi)蒙古草原牧民生產(chǎn)方式、生活方式發(fā)展變化的歷史過程與現(xiàn)狀的分析研究，結(jié)合建筑學(xué)、城市規(guī)劃、類型學(xué)和環(huán)境行為學(xué)等多學(xué)科對內(nèi)蒙古傳統(tǒng)草原牧民定居點(diǎn)和生態(tài)移民定居點(diǎn)居住空間的形成、演變和發(fā)展進(jìn)行研究與分析，總結(jié)各個時期的牧民定居點(diǎn)居住空間的特點(diǎn)及演變過程，探索草原牧民定居點(diǎn)居住空間的發(fā)展軌跡及其模式語言。 (l)內(nèi)蒙古草原居住建筑空間形態(tài)在草原自然環(huán)境、氣候、地形、資源等因素影響下產(chǎn)生的，牧民在生產(chǎn)的生活實(shí)踐中總結(jié)了許多有效的技術(shù)措施來應(yīng)對草原的氣候和環(huán)境。內(nèi)蒙古地區(qū)特有的氣候特點(diǎn)在牧民居住建筑中得到了充分的體現(xiàn)。本文基于對內(nèi)蒙古草原傳統(tǒng)居住建筑營建體系和傳統(tǒng)草原文化的追溯，通過對其傳統(tǒng)文化和生態(tài)觀的認(rèn)識與理解，討論了生產(chǎn)方式、生活方式和草原文化對草原傳統(tǒng)居住空間形態(tài)影響以及居住建筑的基本構(gòu)成關(guān)系。揭示了傳統(tǒng)草原和諧發(fā)展和人居環(huán)境建設(shè)的核心是“以畜為本、以草為根、逐水草而居”的基本生態(tài)原則。 (2)在類型學(xué)方法的啟示下，以科學(xué)發(fā)展觀為指導(dǎo)原則，以人居環(huán)境科學(xué)為理論基礎(chǔ)，結(jié)合規(guī)劃設(shè)計(jì)實(shí)踐，對內(nèi)蒙古草原傳統(tǒng)民居建筑的發(fā)展演變進(jìn)行了原型分析，經(jīng)過對比、歸納和分析，總結(jié)了草原居住建筑的營建模式語言，探索適宜的草原牧民定居點(diǎn)居住空間模式。 (3)分析了由于草原牧民生產(chǎn)生活方式的轉(zhuǎn)變，所引起的居住建筑形態(tài)及其空間形態(tài)的演變過程，結(jié)合居住建筑實(shí)例分析總結(jié)了各種居住形態(tài)下的居住建筑空間的構(gòu)成與特征，及其對傳統(tǒng)文化的體現(xiàn)；分析了草原居住建筑與聚落形態(tài)的產(chǎn)生、演變和傳承的過程中的特征語言，在此基礎(chǔ)上，對草原傳統(tǒng)居住建筑從生態(tài)建筑的概念出發(fā)，分析與歸納了其營建特征及經(jīng)驗(yàn)。為探索適合牧民居住的適宜的居住建筑規(guī)劃設(shè)計(jì)提供了思路。 (4)蒙古包是草原游牧人民傳統(tǒng)文化的精華，是內(nèi)蒙古草原民族的象征。通過對傳統(tǒng)蒙古包的再認(rèn)識，并結(jié)合實(shí)地調(diào)研中的現(xiàn)代牧民的居住現(xiàn)狀，通過與當(dāng)?shù)啬撩窆餐瓿山ㄖ䦟?shí)踐，嘗試了傳統(tǒng)民族建筑文化與現(xiàn)代建筑的結(jié)合的路徑。使得新的居住建筑更加的貼切于牧民的生產(chǎn)、生活方式、實(shí)際需要與文化精神，并且更加的人性化，合理化。 基于特殊的自然環(huán)境、人文環(huán)境和生產(chǎn)生活方式而產(chǎn)生的內(nèi)蒙古草原定居點(diǎn)聚落及居住建筑，是“以畜為本、以草為根、逐水草而居”基本生態(tài)理念的完美體現(xiàn)，它和諧地統(tǒng)一了“天、地、人、畜、神”等多方面的因素，這樣的聚落和居住建筑是草原牧民特定生產(chǎn)生活、生存方式的物質(zhì)載體，也是內(nèi)蒙古草原牧民實(shí)現(xiàn)“詩意地棲居”的理想模式。這種模式在當(dāng)今快速城市化的時代背景下為內(nèi)蒙古草原地區(qū)建設(shè)可持續(xù)發(fā)展的、和諧的社會主義新型牧民定居點(diǎn)和“人、畜、草原”和諧的草原人居環(huán)境提供理論依據(jù)和實(shí)踐基礎(chǔ)。
[Abstract]:Inner Mongolia residential building is the embodiment of grassland steppe nomads people's wisdom that is adapt to the natural environment of a building in the shape of a certain historical period, is its specific mode of production and life in harmony, with ecological thought is extremely simple. Carry forward the protection of grassland and herdsmen living in the fast city construction under the background of benefit Inner Mongolia grassland regional architectural culture and traditional architectural technology. The research not only seek to inherit the essence of the prairie culture, an important part of the grassland habitat environment theory but also the exploration of sustainable development. The research for better development of grassland pastoral settlements construction, improve the living environment and living conditions have important practical significance. The research results will be for the sustainable development of the construction of Inner Mongolia area, the new socialist pastoral settlements and harmonious new socialist countryside Provide theoretical basis and practical basis.
This article from the evolution of pastoralists living space form of the system, analyzed and summarized the experience of ecological, from the perspective of ecological and technical re interpretation of prairie residential space and morphology and structure, technique and architectural vocabulary exploration and extraction of traditional architecture, rich source of creation of regional architecture. This paper through the production of the Inner Mongolia steppe nomads way the analysis, research, history and status quo of the development of lifestyle changes combined with the architecture, city planning, typology and environmental behavior science and other disciplines on the formation of Inner Mongolia traditional grassland herdsmen settlements and ecological settlements living space, through research and Analysis on the evolution and development characteristics, and summarize the evolution of each period of settlement of residential space the exploration of language development and mode of grassland herdsmen settlement of the living space.
(L) the grasslands of Inner Mongolia residential building space form in the natural environment, grassland climate, terrain, resources and other factors affect the herdsmen in the production life practice summarized a number of effective technical measures to deal with the grassland climate and environment. The climate characteristics of Inner Mongolia area unique has been fully reflected in the pastoral residential buildings in this paper traces on the grassland of Inner Mongolia. Residential construction system of traditional architecture and traditional grassland culture based on the traditional culture and ecological view of knowledge and understanding of the mode of production is discussed, the basic constitute the relationship between life style and prairie culture to the grassland traditional residential space and residential buildings. Reveals the core of the traditional harmonious development of grassland and the construction of human settlements "in the animal, the grass roots, the basic ecological principles of nomadic".
(2) in the method of typology of enlightenment, with Scientific Outlook on Development as the guiding principle, the science of human settlements as the theoretical basis, combining the practice of planning and design and development of the traditional dwellings in Inner Mongolia grassland in the evolution of prototype analysis, comparison, induction and analysis of the general language construction mode of grassland dwelling architecture, explore the prairie herdsmen settlement suitable living space.
(3) to analyze the grassland herdsmen lifestyle change, caused by the residential architecture and space form evolution, combined with the analysis of residential construction examples summarizes the composition and characteristics of various forms of residential residential building space, and reflect the traditional culture; analyzes the prairie residential building and settlement pattern generation the characteristics, evolution and inheritance in the process of language, on this basis, on the grassland of traditional residential architecture starting from the concept of eco building, analyze and summarize its characteristics and construction experience. Provides ideas for herdsmen living in suitable housing construction planning and design.
(4) Mongolia is the essence of traditional culture of nomadic people, Inner Mongolia is a symbol of the steppes. By further understanding of traditional Mongolia package, combined with the living status of modern herdsmen in the field research, with the local herdsmen to complete the construction practice, try to combine traditional path of national architectural culture and modern architecture. The new residential building. The more appropriate nomads in the production, life style, practical needs and cultural spirit and humane, more reasonable.
Based on the special natural environment, humane environment and mode of production and life and the settlement of Inner Mongolia grassland settlements and residential buildings, is "to the animal, the grass roots, the perfect embodiment of nomadic" basic ecological concept, its harmony "day, people, animals, factors of God" in many aspects, such settlements and residential building is pastoralists specific production life, material carrier of existence, but also realize the ideal mode of "Inner Mongolia pastoralists poetically". This pattern in the rapid city under the background of sustainable development for the construction of Inner Mongolia grassland area, new socialist harmonious pastoral settlements "people, livestock, and provide the theoretical basis and practice of harmonious living environment of Grassland".

【學(xué)位授予單位】：西安建筑科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：TU984.12

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