本文關鍵詞： 高層住區(qū) 太陽輻射 哈爾濱 模擬分析 布局優(yōu)化　出處：《哈爾濱工業(yè)大學》2013年碩士論文　論文類型：學位論文

【摘要】：城市的人口集中，用地緊張，加之近年來能源日益短缺，在城市發(fā)展過程中，能源的有效利用越來越重要，太陽能的利用離我們的生活越來越近，尤其在北方寒冷地區(qū)，冬季通常以煤炭作為采暖燃料，煤炭是不可再生能源，成本較高，嚴重污染環(huán)境，急需新型節(jié)能、環(huán)保資源替代傳統(tǒng)的煤炭燃料。冬季盡可能地利用太陽能，使采暖實現(xiàn)低耗輔助熱源甚至是零消耗，是十分必要的。 我國尚沒有現(xiàn)行的太陽輻射標準，在目前的哈爾濱住區(qū)規(guī)劃設計中，與太陽輻射間接相關的控制主要有日照和采光兩個方面，住宅的日照情況常用日照時間作為衡量標準，采光標準的主要組成部分是采光系數(shù)和采光質量，一般通過建筑間距的改變來滿足日照時間和采光標準的要求，但是，考慮到土地高效利用的限制，在日照時間和采光標準滿足要求的情況下，并不能夠完全達到每戶居民日常生活對能源的需求量。本研究以哈爾濱市2008年到2013年間新建的高層住區(qū)為主要研究對象，通過模擬分析哈爾濱市典型的高層住區(qū)布局模式的太陽輻射獲得量，依據各個季節(jié)太陽輻射獲得量情況，提出較優(yōu)的太陽能利用對策。以期對住區(qū)的節(jié)能起到積極的作用，能夠為與住區(qū)相關地方法規(guī)條例的完善和相應實施細則的深化做出基礎性的貢獻。 本文首先對太陽輻射與城市住區(qū)的關系進行了相關的基礎研究，并總結了相關的理論實踐及技術；接著，對哈爾濱城市住區(qū)的太陽輻射特征進行了初步分析，并對哈爾濱近六年的新建住區(qū)資料進行了調查整理。其次，在哈爾濱新建住區(qū)的調研基礎上，確定了哈爾濱市四種典型的高層住區(qū)布局模式，簡述了太陽輻射模擬環(huán)境及運行過程，具體地，對分析的時段、運行環(huán)境、運行過程等進行了介紹；然后，對哈爾濱城市高層住區(qū)的四種典型布局模式的太陽輻射獲得量模擬結果進行了對比分析。最后，，以調研范圍內的各布局模式的冬季南立面為主要優(yōu)化對象，對哈爾濱城市高層住區(qū)的布局模式進行優(yōu)化分析，提出優(yōu)化對策，對策主要有改變平面布局朝向、增加建筑間距、改變住區(qū)布局模式三種。經過數(shù)值的模擬、整理和對比，總結出太陽能利用較優(yōu)的平面布局朝向、建筑間距和布局模式，并對各種對策進行了歸納總結。
[Abstract]:Urban population concentration, land shortage, coupled with the growing shortage of energy in recent years, in the process of urban development, the effective use of energy is becoming more and more important, the use of solar energy is getting closer and closer to our lives. Especially in the cold areas of northern China, coal is usually used as heating fuel in winter. Coal is a non-renewable energy source, which has a high cost and seriously pollutes the environment, so it is in urgent need of new energy saving. It is necessary to make use of solar energy as much as possible in winter so as to achieve low consumption of auxiliary heat source or even zero consumption. There is no current solar radiation standard in China. In the current planning and design of Harbin residential area, the indirect control of solar radiation mainly includes two aspects: sunshine and daylighting. Sunshine time is commonly used as the measurement standard of residential sunshine. The main component of daylighting standard is lighting coefficient and lighting quality. Generally, the change of building spacing is used to meet the requirements of sunshine time and daylighting standard. However, in view of the constraints of efficient land use, in the case of sunshine time and daylighting standards meet the requirements. Can not fully meet the daily life of every household energy demand. This study took Harbin from 2008 to 2013 as the main research object of the new high-rise residential areas. Through the simulation analysis of Harbin's typical high-rise residential area layout model of solar radiation acquisition, according to each season of solar radiation acquisition. Better solar energy utilization countermeasures are put forward in order to play a positive role in energy saving of residential areas and make basic contributions to the perfection of local laws and regulations related to settlements and the deepening of corresponding implementation rules. In this paper, the relationship between solar radiation and urban residential area is studied, and the related theory, practice and technology are summarized. Then, the characteristics of solar radiation in Harbin urban settlements are analyzed, and the data of new settlements in Harbin in the past six years are investigated and sorted. Secondly, based on the investigation and research of new residential areas in Harbin. In this paper, four typical layout models of high-rise residential area in Harbin are determined, and the simulation environment and operation process of solar radiation are briefly described. In particular, the time period, running environment and operation process of the analysis are introduced. Then, the simulation results of solar radiation in four typical layout models of urban high-rise residential area in Harbin are compared and analyzed. Finally. Taking the south facade of each layout pattern in the scope of investigation as the main optimization object, this paper optimizes and analyzes the layout pattern of the high-rise residential area in Harbin city, and puts forward the optimization countermeasures. The countermeasures are mainly to change the orientation of the plane layout. Through numerical simulation, collation and comparison, summing up the better solar energy use of the plane layout orientation, building spacing and layout mode. All kinds of countermeasures are summarized.
【學位授予單位】：哈爾濱工業(yè)大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：TU984.12

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