本文關鍵詞： 外商直接投資 空間分布 時空演化 中國　出處：《蘭州大學》2013年碩士論文　論文類型：學位論文

【摘要】：在經(jīng)濟全球化進程中,資本、資源、技術和勞動力重新組合建立國際勞動分工體系,擁有雄厚資金和發(fā)達技術的國家轉移國內資本以獲得最大收益。外商直接投資是全球化過程中最重要的經(jīng)濟現(xiàn)象,也是跨國公司進行境外擴張的根本手段。在投資國獲得利益和占領市場的同時,引資國也獲得了優(yōu)勢發(fā)展資本、先進的技術、現(xiàn)代管理技能等,兩者各有所獲。 改革開放以來,中國利用FDI經(jīng)歷了一個從數(shù)量小、范圍窄、限制多的試點階段逐步發(fā)展到全方位、多層次、寬領域的全面開放的格局。中國經(jīng)濟作為一個成功的轉型經(jīng)濟,從20世紀90年代以來一直是吸引外商直接投資最多的發(fā)展中國家,FDI的大規(guī)模流入為我國經(jīng)濟增長、技術進步、產(chǎn)業(yè)升級、擴大就業(yè)和對外貿易發(fā)展提供了巨大的推動作用,改變著我國的經(jīng)濟結構、產(chǎn)業(yè)空間結構、產(chǎn)業(yè)組織結構及市場結構,加速了與世界經(jīng)濟的融合。 在相關理論分析的基礎上,本文首先利用競爭態(tài)方法,對改革開放以來中國利用FDI空間分布格局、時間和空間演化規(guī)律進行了分析,發(fā)現(xiàn)我國利用FDI發(fā)展在經(jīng)歷一個由高度集中分布逐步轉向有選擇地轉移擴散的過程,即FDI在向中西部地區(qū)轉移擴散時,主要是選取經(jīng)濟發(fā)展水平較好、基礎設施較為完善、資源密集、政策優(yōu)惠等投資環(huán)境良好的省會城市、直轄市或資源密集型城市。 其次,采用偏好度和競爭態(tài)模型分析我國FDI來源的變化趨勢和特征,以把握我國FDI來源地的時空結構特征。FDI來源和規(guī)模在逐漸拓寬及持續(xù)壯大,整體上我國FDI來源地表現(xiàn)出“歐洲偏愛北方、亞洲偏愛南方”現(xiàn)象,我國FDI來源多樣性提高和FDI來源地的投資格局重新洗牌。并利用數(shù)據(jù)包絡模型(DEA)分析了我國不同地區(qū)利用FDI的效率情況,我國FDI利用效率并沒不理想,FDI利用綜合效率經(jīng)歷從“大分散-小集中”與“大集中-小分散”并存逐步轉變?yōu)椤按蠹?小分散”為主導的空間分布局面,FDI利用存在冗余和不足并存的現(xiàn)象。 最后,分析了影響我國FDI空間分布的因素,探討了隨著社會經(jīng)濟發(fā)展影響FDI轉移的動因,構建了FDI區(qū)位選擇的“推拉”模型,FDI西移的基本條件是FDI盈利最大化的機會與地方具備承接FDI能力的統(tǒng)一。
[Abstract]:In the process of economic globalization, capital, resources, technology and labor force are recombined to establish the international division of labor system. Foreign direct investment is the most important economic phenomenon in the process of globalization. It is also the fundamental means for multinational corporations to expand abroad. While the investment countries gain the benefits and occupy the market, the foreign investment countries also obtain the advantages of development capital, advanced technology, modern management skills and so on. Both have their own gains. Since the reform and opening up, China has experienced a small number, narrow scope, more restrictions of the pilot phase to develop to all-round, multi-level. China's economy, as a successful transition economy, has been the developing country attracting the most foreign direct investment since 1990s. The large-scale inflow of FDI has provided a huge impetus for China's economic growth, technological progress, industrial upgrading, expansion of employment and foreign trade development, and has changed the economic structure and industrial spatial structure of our country. Industrial organization structure and market structure, accelerated the integration with the world economy. On the basis of relevant theoretical analysis, this paper first uses the competitive state method to analyze the spatial distribution pattern, temporal and spatial evolution of FDI in China since the reform and opening up. It is found that the development of FDI in China is going through a process from highly concentrated distribution to selective transfer and diffusion, that is, when FDI is transferred to the central and western regions, the main choice of economic development level is better. Capital cities, municipalities directly under the Central Government or resource-intensive cities with better investment environment, such as better infrastructure, intensive resources and preferential policies. Secondly, we use preference degree and competitive state model to analyze the trend and characteristics of FDI sources in China. In order to grasp the characteristics of space-time structure of FDI origin in China. The origin and scale of FDI are gradually widened and continue to grow. On the whole, China's FDI origin shows a "preference for the north in Europe and a preference for the south in Asia". The diversity of FDI sources in China and the reshuffle of the investment pattern of FDI sources are reshuffled, and the efficiency of using FDI in different regions of China is analyzed by using data Envelopment Model (DEAA). The utilization efficiency of FDI in China is not unsatisfactory. By using the comprehensive efficiency, FDI has gradually changed from the coexistence of "big decentralization-small concentration" and "large concentration-small dispersion" to a spatial distribution situation dominated by "large centralization and small dispersion". There is redundancy and deficiency in FDI utilization. Finally, this paper analyzes the factors that affect the spatial distribution of FDI in China, probes into the factors that influence the transfer of FDI with the development of social economy, and constructs the "push-pull" model of FDI location selection. The basic condition of FDI moving westward is the unification of the opportunity of maximizing FDI profit and the local ability to undertake FDI.
【學位授予單位】：蘭州大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：F124;TU982.2

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