本文關(guān)鍵詞：我國(guó)國(guó)家地質(zhì)公園空間分布與結(jié)構(gòu)優(yōu)化研究　出處：《中國(guó)地質(zhì)大學(xué)》2013年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

  更多相關(guān)文章： 國(guó)家地質(zhì)公園 空間分布 結(jié)構(gòu)特征 優(yōu)化

【摘要】：國(guó)家地質(zhì)公同建設(shè)是近十兒年來(lái)受學(xué)界、社會(huì)普遍關(guān)注的熱點(diǎn)問(wèn)題。截止2011年底,我國(guó)分六批次共申報(bào)了219處國(guó)家地質(zhì)公園以及27處世界地質(zhì)公園,在地質(zhì)遺跡保護(hù)和地質(zhì)公園建設(shè)上走在了世界的前列。 國(guó)家地質(zhì)公園的空間分布對(duì)地方的社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展、自身地質(zhì)公園體系建設(shè)以及整體的市場(chǎng)效應(yīng)有重要的影響。本文以這219處國(guó)家地質(zhì)公園為研究對(duì)象,梳理了我國(guó)地質(zhì)公園的發(fā)展歷程、發(fā)展階段,通過(guò)多種定量方法分析了我國(guó)國(guó)家地質(zhì)公園的空間分布類型、密度、結(jié)構(gòu)、特征和形成演化規(guī)律,進(jìn)而從主客觀兩方面的多個(gè)因素分別探討了影響我國(guó)國(guó)家地質(zhì)公園空間分布的因素,并闡明了國(guó)家地質(zhì)公園存在著區(qū)域分布上的不均衡、地質(zhì)遺跡類型分布上的不均衡以及不同地質(zhì)公園旅游冷熱程度不均衡的空間結(jié)構(gòu)問(wèn)題和矛盾,依此從區(qū)域協(xié)同發(fā)展、地質(zhì)遺跡類型多樣、可持續(xù)發(fā)展、網(wǎng)絡(luò)營(yíng)銷平臺(tái)構(gòu)建等四個(gè)方面提出了空間結(jié)構(gòu)優(yōu)化的路徑,以期為整合地質(zhì)遺跡資源、合理布局未來(lái)的國(guó)家地質(zhì)公園和地質(zhì)公園整個(gè)體系的健康、有序、可持續(xù)發(fā)展提供參考。 論文的主要工作和取得的主要結(jié)論如下： (1)運(yùn)用不平衡指數(shù)S和基尼系數(shù)來(lái)衡量國(guó)家地質(zhì)公園在省級(jí)行政區(qū)域上的分布均衡性,統(tǒng)計(jì)分析得出不平衡指數(shù)S=0.327(越接近于1越集中),表明國(guó)家地質(zhì)公園在全國(guó)32個(gè)省區(qū)分布較不均衡,僅川、豫、閩、皖等10個(gè)省區(qū)的國(guó)家地質(zhì)公園數(shù)量就達(dá)到了51.6%；基尼系數(shù)計(jì)算結(jié)果為0.86,分布均勻度為0.14,表明我國(guó)國(guó)家地質(zhì)公園在八大地理區(qū)域中,呈高度集中分布狀態(tài),且分布的均勻度很低,西南地區(qū)、黃河中游、長(zhǎng)江中游等中部地區(qū)集中了54.8%的國(guó)家地質(zhì)公園數(shù)量。因此,在未來(lái)的國(guó)家地質(zhì)公園建設(shè)中要注重東部沿海、東南沿海等地區(qū)的挖掘,注重區(qū)域的協(xié)調(diào)。 (2)通過(guò)國(guó)家基礎(chǔ)地理數(shù)據(jù),采用北京1954坐標(biāo)投影系統(tǒng),采用人工數(shù)字化的方法在ArcGis9.3上構(gòu)建國(guó)家地質(zhì)公園點(diǎn)狀目標(biāo)分布圖,進(jìn)而用最鄰近指數(shù)和Voronoi圖方法來(lái)測(cè)度其空間分布類型。最鄰近點(diǎn)指數(shù)R值為0.97,表明我國(guó)國(guó)家地質(zhì)公園在空間上仍屬于凝聚型分布狀態(tài)。Voronoi圖多邊形測(cè)算的CV值為0.78,落在64%的CV區(qū)間,為集聚型分布,進(jìn)一步印證了結(jié)果的可靠性。 (3)通過(guò)點(diǎn)狀目標(biāo)的空間密度分析和Voronoi圖的三步迭代聚類思想,來(lái)衡量國(guó)家地質(zhì)公園的空間分布形態(tài)。密度分析結(jié)果表明：國(guó)家地質(zhì)公司的平均分布密度為0.23個(gè)/萬(wàn)km2,分布高密度地區(qū)主要是山西、河南、河北交界地區(qū)和北京、天津、河北北部的交接地帶,省級(jí)行政區(qū)上的數(shù)量分布不均衡。綜合Voronoi圖的三步迭代結(jié)果,國(guó)家地質(zhì)公園的空間結(jié)構(gòu)形態(tài)有著新的表現(xiàn)形式：帶狀凝聚下的局部高密度聚集核區(qū)(7條聚集帶和8個(gè)高密度聚集核區(qū))。 (4)歷經(jīng)十多年的發(fā)展,國(guó)家地質(zhì)公園在時(shí)序上的演化特征為：有序性、邊緣性和“先遞增后衰減”的出行時(shí)間、距離分布態(tài)勢(shì)；在地質(zhì)遺跡類型上的演化特征為：類型上的不均衡,主要體現(xiàn)在大類上的不均衡(以地貌景觀類為主,構(gòu)造、地層、災(zāi)害類等較少)、小類上的不均衡(以巖溶地貌類、丹霞地貌類、花崗巖地貌類、火山類為大多數(shù),海岸類、風(fēng)成黃土類較少)。因此未來(lái)的國(guó)家地質(zhì)公園建設(shè)在保持同質(zhì)特色時(shí),更要注意異質(zhì)多樣類型的拓展,比如構(gòu)造、地層、海岸等地貌的拓展。 (5)國(guó)家地質(zhì)公園的空間分布結(jié)構(gòu)主要受區(qū)域地質(zhì)構(gòu)造背景的控制和影響；與區(qū)域經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展水平之間沒(méi)有顯著的耦合關(guān)系和控制作用,相關(guān)性較弱或者不相關(guān)(相關(guān)性系數(shù)0.194),但是區(qū)域經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展水平對(duì)地質(zhì)公園建設(shè)具有重要的導(dǎo)向作用,主要體現(xiàn)在地質(zhì)公園的建設(shè)引領(lǐng)和世界級(jí)地質(zhì)公園的品牌塑造上等方面；國(guó)家地質(zhì)公園的空間分布與城市等級(jí)有一定的負(fù)相關(guān)關(guān)系,主要分布在中小城市；其空間分布與地級(jí)(省會(huì))城市的道路距離和出行時(shí)間呈現(xiàn)“先遞增后衰減”的態(tài)勢(shì)；國(guó)家地質(zhì)公園的空間分布還受其他外部環(huán)境與人為因素影響,如區(qū)域的地質(zhì)遺跡普查差異以及政府的積極性差異。因此,未來(lái)的國(guó)家地質(zhì)公園在注重地質(zhì)背景的基礎(chǔ)控制作用下,要深切考慮社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展水平的引導(dǎo)作用(品牌建設(shè)),引入市場(chǎng)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)機(jī)制、注重市場(chǎng)宣傳推廣、改善公園的道路環(huán)境、提高公園的可進(jìn)入性。 (6)針對(duì)國(guó)家地質(zhì)公園的空間分布存在區(qū)域不平衡、遺跡類型不均衡、不同地質(zhì)公園旅游的冷熱程度不均衡、黃金周期間的旅游爆棚等問(wèn)題,提出了四條路徑的優(yōu)化方式：是區(qū)域協(xié)同發(fā)展；二是地質(zhì)遺跡類型多樣化,重點(diǎn)可以通過(guò)拓展類型少、回避競(jìng)爭(zhēng)大的、整合世界級(jí)的三種模式來(lái)進(jìn)行；三是,可持續(xù)發(fā)展的優(yōu)化路徑,包括申報(bào)制度、政策、理念等的建議；四是,地質(zhì)公園網(wǎng)絡(luò)營(yíng)銷平臺(tái)的構(gòu)建,通過(guò)網(wǎng)上提前訂票和電子票服務(wù)等服務(wù),建立景區(qū)客流的預(yù)約、預(yù)警機(jī)制,可有效分流保障旅游質(zhì)量和地質(zhì)公園的生態(tài)安全。
[Abstract]:The national geological public construction is nearly ten years by academic circles, a hot issue of common concern. By the end of 2011, China's six batches reported a total of 219 national geological parks and 27 World Geological Park, at the forefront of the world in the protection of geological relics and geological park construction.
The distribution of local economic and social development of the national geological park space, has an important influence on geological park system construction as well as the overall market effect. This paper based on the 219 National Geological Park as the research object, course of development, China's geological park has combed the development stage, the distribution type, the National Geological Park in China's space density the structure, through the analysis of various quantitative methods, characteristics and formation and evolution, and a number of factors from the subjective and objective two aspects respectively discussed the influence factors of the distribution of the National Geological Park in China, and expounds the National Geological Park has the unbalanced distribution of space structure, problems and contradictions of geological relics distribution the unbalanced and different geological park tourism hot degree is not balanced, and from regional coordinated development, various types of geological relics, sustainable development, network marketing Four aspects of platform construction, such as platform construction, are put forward to optimize the path of spatial structure, so as to provide references for the integration of geological heritage resources and the rational layout of the future national geopark and the whole system of geoparks.
The main work of this paper and the main conclusions are as follows:
(1) the balanced distribution by using unbalanced index S and Gene coefficient to measure the National Geological Park in the provincial administrative region, statistical analysis of unbalanced index S=0.327 (more close to 1 more concentrated), shows that the National Geological Park in 32 provinces distribution is not balanced, only Sichuan, Henan, Fujian, the number of the National Geological Park Anhui 10 provinces reached 51.6%; the Gene coefficient calculation results is 0.86, the distribution evenness is 0.14, indicates that China's National Geological Park in eight geographical region, a highly centralized distribution, and the distribution uniformity is very low, the southwest, the middle reaches of the Yellow River, the central region of the middle reaches of the Yangtze River. The number of National Geological Park 54.8%. Therefore, in the future of the national geological park construction should pay attention to the eastern coastal mining, southeast coastal areas, focusing on regional coordination.
(2) the national basic geographic data, the Beijing 1954 coordinate system, the construction of National Geological Park point target distribution map in ArcGis9.3 by using the method of artificial digital, and then use the nearest neighbor index and Voronoi method to measure the type of spatial distribution. The nearest neighbor index R = 0.97, shows that China's national geological park still belongs to the condensation distribution diagram of.Voronoi polygon estimates of the value of CV was 0.78 in space, the 64% fall in the range of CV, for gathering distribution, further verify the reliability of the results.
(3) through the three step iterative clustering space density analysis and Voronoi diagram of point objects, to measure the spatial distribution pattern of the National Geological Park. The analysis results show that the average density distribution of National Geological Company of 0.23 / million km2, the distribution of high density area is mainly in Shanxi, Henan, Hebei and Beijing border area Tianjin, Hebei, north of the transition zone, the number of provincial administrative region distribution is not balanced. Three step iteration results of Voronoi diagram, spatial structure of national geological park has a new form: zonal aggregation, local high density aggregation nuclear area under Article 7 (accumulation zone and 8 high density aggregation nuclear area).
(4) after more than 10 years of development and evolution of the National Geological Park in time for ordering, and "marginal increase first and then decay" travel time, distance distribution trend; evolution in the geological relics on the type: type of imbalance, mainly reflected in the broad categories of imbalance (with landscape type, tectonic, strata, disasters such as less), small class imbalance (by karst landform, Danxia landform, granite landform, volcano is most, coast, eolian loess less). So the future of the national geological park construction in the same style and more attention should be paid to expand, heterogeneity types such as tectonic, strata, expand coastal geomorphology.
(5) the national geological park space distribution structure is mainly controlled and affected by regional tectonic background; no significant control effect and coupling relationship between economic development and regional level, the correlation is weak or irrelevant (correlation coefficient 0.194), but the level of regional economic development has an important guiding role to the geological park construction, mainly in leading the geological park construction and World Geological Park branding aspects; there was a negative correlation between the spatial distribution of National Geological Park and city level, mainly distributed in the small city; the spatial distribution and regional (capital) city road distance and travel time appear "to increase first and then decay" the National Geological Park; spatial distribution is also affected by other external environment and human factors, such as geological survey of regional differences and the product of the government Polar differences. Therefore, the future of the National Geological Park Based on paying attention to the geological background of control, to deeply consider the guiding role of the social and economic development level (brand), the introduction of market competition mechanism, pay attention to market promotion, improve the park road environment, improve the park accessibility.
(6) according to the distribution of the national geological park space are regional imbalance, remains unbalanced, hot and cold degree of different geological park tourism is not balanced, the Golden Week tourism boom, the paper put forward four optimizing paths: regional coordinated development; two is the geological heritage of diverse types, key can be developed type less, avoid competition, three integration modes of world class; three, the optimization path of sustainable development, including reporting system, policy, idea of recommendations; four, the network marketing platform construction camp Geological Park, through the online booking in advance and electronic ticket service, establishes the passenger the appointment, early warning mechanism, ecological security can effectively shunt security tourism quality and geological park.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國(guó)地質(zhì)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號(hào)】：TU986

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