本文關(guān)鍵詞：永定土樓世遺地景觀中客家文化的保護(hù)與傳承　出處：《福建農(nóng)林大學(xué)》2013年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

  更多相關(guān)文章： 客家文化 土樓 世遺地 景觀 保護(hù) 傳承

【摘要】：2008年,福建土樓被列入世界文化遺產(chǎn)名錄,作為福建土樓中開發(fā)最早的永定土樓世遺地受到世人的矚目,這里除了有“世界上獨(dú)一無二的神話般的山區(qū)建筑模式”的土樓之外,更有蘊(yùn)含在土樓以及土樓聚落里濃郁的客家文化。永定作為純客家縣,其土樓世遺地景觀的保護(hù)與開發(fā)不僅僅是對土樓建筑景觀的保護(hù),更重要的是對客家文化的保護(hù)與傳承。然而,如今人們對世遺地中的土樓,這種獨(dú)特的民居建筑的關(guān)注程度遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)大于客家文化,客家文化正面臨著扭曲、淡化甚至消失的危險。永定土樓是客家文化的具體表現(xiàn),沒有了客家文化的凝結(jié),土樓本身也便失去了靈魂,因而對土樓世遺地景觀中加強(qiáng)客家文化的保護(hù)與傳承勢在必行。 本研究基于此背景,對永定土樓世遺地開展了細(xì)致的調(diào)查和研究,針對如何在對土樓世遺地景觀進(jìn)行保護(hù)和開發(fā)的過程中,既展示其獨(dú)特的建筑魅力,又能夠反映出其深厚的客家文化底蘊(yùn)提出了相應(yīng)的對策,對提升永定土樓世遺地整體景觀內(nèi)涵具有的重要現(xiàn)實(shí)意義。 筆者通過查閱大量的相關(guān)文獻(xiàn)資料,深入調(diào)查了解永定土樓世遺地景觀中客家文化的體現(xiàn)及其保護(hù)現(xiàn)狀,分析研究結(jié)果如下： (1)通過查閱文獻(xiàn)及實(shí)地考察,對永定土樓世遺地的相關(guān)概念及基本概況進(jìn)行闡述。 (2)對客家文化的形成及發(fā)展情況進(jìn)行研究,總結(jié)出客家文化的基本內(nèi)涵“以中原文化為基礎(chǔ),對異族文化的博采和內(nèi)化,以及特殊的移民文化”,對客家文化的特征及保護(hù)價值進(jìn)行深入探討和分析,其主要特征包括顯著的社會性、鮮明的時空性、歷史的傳承性、內(nèi)容的廣博性四點(diǎn),其保護(hù)價值在于其具有社會價值、生態(tài)價值、經(jīng)濟(jì)價值、人文價值、景觀價值五個方面。 (3)通過對永定土樓世遺地的實(shí)地調(diào)研結(jié)合相關(guān)理論指導(dǎo),深入剖析客家文化在土樓聚落景觀中的表現(xiàn),總結(jié)出永定土樓世遺地聚落景觀的四大特點(diǎn)順風(fēng)順?biāo)木勐溥x址、提升品質(zhì)的風(fēng)水林營造、高低錯落,富于變化的聚落景觀及樸實(shí)自然的聚落景觀色彩,展現(xiàn)了客家文化對土樓聚落建設(shè)的指導(dǎo)和影響。 深入剖析客家文化在土樓建筑景觀中的體現(xiàn),從奇特的聚居方式、天人合一的建筑形制、樸實(shí)完美的建筑細(xì)節(jié)處理、堅固的防衛(wèi)系統(tǒng)及催人奮進(jìn)的匾額楹聯(lián)五個方面全面展示客家文化在土樓建筑中的蘊(yùn)含,證實(shí)了永定土樓與客家文化不可分割的關(guān)系,此外還對客家文化在宗教信仰、民俗活動、飲食文化、語言歌謠等對永定土樓世遺地景觀的豐富進(jìn)行了全面的闡述,進(jìn)一步強(qiáng)調(diào)了永定土樓世遺地景觀保護(hù)與客家文化保護(hù)傳承相輔相成的重要性。 (4)在中國古典園林美學(xué)、景觀設(shè)計學(xué)、景觀生態(tài)學(xué)、園林工程、文化生態(tài)學(xué)等多學(xué)科相關(guān)理論基礎(chǔ)的指導(dǎo)下,提出了基于客家文化背景下永定土樓世遺地景觀的五大保護(hù)原則,即就地保護(hù)原則、整體保護(hù)原則、生態(tài)優(yōu)先原則、以人為本原則及合理開發(fā)原則。通過對實(shí)地調(diào)研過程中永定土樓世遺地景觀的保護(hù)現(xiàn)狀及原因進(jìn)行深入分析,對客家文化在永定土樓世遺地的留存問題進(jìn)行思考。 (5)對永定土樓世遺地景觀保護(hù)現(xiàn)狀進(jìn)行了詳細(xì)的實(shí)地調(diào)查,分析例舉出了在世遺地景觀中存在的不足和主要問題,針對所提出的問題,提出了七條相應(yīng)的保護(hù)實(shí)施途徑,具體包括：恢復(fù)生態(tài),保存土樓聚落格局；修舊如舊,恢復(fù)土樓建筑原貌；與時俱進(jìn),改善土樓基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施；深入挖掘,營造客家文化氛圍；提煉符號,樹立品牌景觀形象；拓展渠道,完善解說宣傳系統(tǒng)；互動開發(fā),增加文化交流途徑。并以永定洪坑民俗文化村景觀規(guī)劃為案例對客家文化在永定土樓世遺地景觀保護(hù)和開發(fā)過程中的傳承進(jìn)行研究,為基于客家文化背景下的土樓世遺地景觀的保護(hù)和建設(shè)提供理論和實(shí)踐指導(dǎo),也為其他世遺地及其背景文化的保護(hù)和開發(fā)提供理論和實(shí)踐指導(dǎo)。
[Abstract]:In 2008, Fujian province was included in the world heritage list, as Fujian Tulou in the earliest development of world heritage, Storied Building of Yongding attracts the world's attention, here in addition to the world the one and only the fairy tale mode building mountain Tulou, and more contained in the earthen earthen building settlement in the rich Hakka culture. As the Hakka County Yongding the development and protection of world heritage, the earth landscape is not only to protect the earth building landscape, it is more important for the protection and inheritance of the Hakka culture. However, now people on the world heritage in the earth, the degree of attention to this unique architectural style is far greater than that of Hakka culture, Hakka culture is facing the distortion, fade and even the risk of disappearing. Storied Building of Yongding is a concrete manifestation of the Hakka culture, there is no condensation of the Hakka culture, its itself also will lose its soul, so the earth to the world heritage It is imperative to strengthen the protection and inheritance of Hakka culture in the landscape.
This study is based on this background, the Storied Building of Yongding world heritage to carry out meticulous investigation and study, aiming at how to process the protection and development of the world heritage earthen landscape, which shows its unique architectural charm, but also reflects the profound Hakka culture and put forward corresponding countermeasures, has important practical significance with the connotation of the to enhance the overall landscape of Storied Building of Yongding world heritage.
Through consulting a lot of relevant documents, in-depth investigation and understanding of Hakka culture reflect the Storied Building of Yongding world heritage landscape and the protection of the status quo, analysis results are as follows:
(1) through the literature and on-the-spot investigation, the relevant concepts of the Storied Building of Yongding world heritage and the basic situation in this paper.
(2) to study the formation and development of Hakka culture, summed up the basic connotation of Hakka culture in the Central Plains culture based on the alien culture of gambling and internalization, and the special immigration culture, in-depth discussion and Analysis on the characteristics and value of protection of the Hakka culture, its main features include social significant the space-time stark, inheritance history, content extensive four points, its protection value lies in its social value, ecological value, economic value, cultural value, the five aspects of landscape value.
(3) through the investigation of the Storied Building of Yongding World Heritage combined with the related theory, in-depth analysis of Hakka culture in earthen settlements, summed up the four characteristics of the world heritage Storied Building of Yongding downwind settlement landscape smooth settlement location, to enhance the quality of the feng shui of afforestation, the level of scattered, changeful and simple and natural landscape the settlement landscape color, shows the guidance and influence of Hakka culture on earth village construction.
Deeply reflect the Hakka culture in earthen buildings in the landscape, from the strange living style, the harmony between man and nature of the building structure, simple and perfect construction details, strong defense system and urged the five aspects of improving plaque couplets comprehensive display of Hakka culture contained in the earthen building, confirmed the relationship between Storied Building of Yongding and Hakka culture can not be separated, in addition to the Hakka culture in religion, folk activities, food culture, language songs on the Storied Building of Yongding world heritage landscape rich has carried on the comprehensive elaboration, further emphasizes the Storied Building of Yongding world heritage landscape protection and Hakka cultural heritage protection complement each other's importance.
(4) in the aesthetic Chinese classical garden landscape engineering, landscape design, landscape ecology, culture, ecology and other disciplines related theory guidance, put forward the principle of the five protection of Hakka culture under the background of the Storied Building of Yongding World Heritage Landscape Based on the conservation principle, overall protection principles, the principle of ecological priority, the principle of people-oriented and the principle of reasonable development. By analyzing the current situation and causes of the investigation in the process of the Storied Building of Yongding world heritage landscape protection of Hakka culture in the world heritage Storied Building of Yongding retained for consideration.
(5) conducted a field survey with the status of the Storied Building of Yongding world heritage landscape protection, analysis of examples of the problems left alive landscape and main problems, according to the problems, puts forward seven corresponding protection approaches, including: ecological restoration, preservation of buildings settlement pattern; repair the old as old recovery, the earth building appearance; keep pace with the times, improve the earthen infrastructure; dig, create a Hakka cultural atmosphere; refined symbol, brand landscape image; expand the channels, improve the interpretation of publicity system; interactive development, increase cultural exchange way. Taking Yongding hongkeng folk culture village landscape planning as a case to study the inheritance of Hakka culture in the process of landscape protection and development of World Heritage in Storied Building of Yongding, for the protection of Hakka culture under the background of World Heritage earthen landscape and construction based on the theory and practice to provide The guide, also provide theoretical and practical guidance for the protection of world heritage and other cultural background and development

【學(xué)位授予單位】：福建農(nóng)林大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：TU241.5

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