本文關(guān)鍵詞：考慮不同加固方法的橋梁全生命周期環(huán)境影響評價　出處：《北京交通大學(xué)》2013年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

  更多相關(guān)文章： 橋梁工程 加固方案 生命周期評價 環(huán)境影響 定量分析

【摘要】：過去30年伴隨著經(jīng)濟的持續(xù)發(fā)展,我國開展了大規(guī)模的公路橋梁建設(shè)。截止到2010年底,我國橋梁總量達(dá)到了65.8萬座,橋梁總長達(dá)到3萬公里。但是橋梁的快速建設(shè)消耗了大量的自然資源與能源,同時排放了大量的有害氣體,對環(huán)境造成了嚴(yán)重的危害。由于近年公路交通流量出現(xiàn)了持續(xù)迅速的增長,公路橋梁也普遍暴露出過早損壞的不正常現(xiàn)象,據(jù)調(diào)查10年底我國危橋總數(shù)達(dá)到了9.35萬座,占到全部橋梁的14.3%。為了延長公路橋梁壽命,保證安全運營,對橋梁進(jìn)行加固成為必要手段,但是需要加固的橋梁如此之多,橋梁的加固同樣會消耗大量的材料與能源,同時產(chǎn)生排放大量的有害氣體和有害物質(zhì)。縱觀發(fā)達(dá)國家的橋梁建設(shè)一般都會經(jīng)歷三個階段：大舉新建階段、新建與維修并舉階段、維修加固階段,我國目前已經(jīng)進(jìn)入了新建與維修并舉階段,橋梁加固維修逐漸成為橋梁工程的主流,所以有必要對橋梁的建設(shè)與加固進(jìn)行定量的環(huán)境影響分析與研究。 本文主要工作包括： 1、在生命周期基本方法框架的基礎(chǔ)上,提出對清單分析中數(shù)據(jù)的采集和處理要求,并收集、整合、分析了橋梁工程中基本建筑材料、能源、加固材料的排放系數(shù),為全面的定量分析橋梁加固乃至全生命周期的環(huán)境影響奠定了基礎(chǔ)。 2、基于生態(tài)指標(biāo)法對橋梁材料生產(chǎn)階段、施工階段、加固階段與拆除階段涉及到的各種材料、資源、能源進(jìn)行環(huán)境影響計算分析,得出了單位體積或單位重量材料、資源、能源的環(huán)境影響潛值與環(huán)境影響特征值。首次給出了較全面的橋梁全生命周期材料、資源、能源的單位環(huán)境影響。提出了基于生態(tài)指標(biāo)法的橋梁全生命周期環(huán)境影響計算評價方法。 3、對橋梁工程中常用的加固方法進(jìn)行了介紹,對一座承載能力不足的簡支梁橋的T形梁用四種加固方法進(jìn)行加固計算,并結(jié)合公路橋梁維修與加固預(yù)算定額得到該梁四種加固方法的材料、資源、能源的消耗量。然后用本文提出的橋梁生命周期環(huán)境影響計算方法對四種加固方法的環(huán)境影響進(jìn)行計算與對比。 4、對鄭州一座舊橋XX大橋進(jìn)行實例分析,分析階段包括橋梁材料生產(chǎn)階段、施工階段、維修加固階段和拆除階段,真正實現(xiàn)橋梁的全生命周期環(huán)境影響分析(from cradle to grave)。在橋梁生產(chǎn)階段分析了生產(chǎn)橋梁建設(shè)所需的主要建材的環(huán)境影響；施工階段計算了由于施工機械與運輸工具消耗資源所產(chǎn)生的影響；橋梁維修加固階段首次對比了粘貼鋼板、粘貼碳纖維布和張拉體外預(yù)應(yīng)力三種加固方法的環(huán)境影響,并比選了此橋的四種加固方案的環(huán)境影響與成本,此外還考慮了橋面重新鋪裝與車輛繞行產(chǎn)生的環(huán)境影響；最后拆除階段考慮了鋼材的回收與固體廢棄物造成的環(huán)境破壞。 本文通過分析對比橋梁不同加固方法和橋梁全生命周期的的環(huán)境影響,為橋梁加固方案的選擇加入了環(huán)境影響這一重要因素,使其能與成本、性能進(jìn)行優(yōu)化,對實現(xiàn)橋梁全生命周期的可持續(xù)有實際參考意義。
[Abstract]:Over the past 30 years, with the continuous development of the economy of our country to carry out large-scale construction of highway bridge. By the end of 2010, China's total to 658 thousand bridges, bridge length of 30 thousand kilometers. But the rapid construction of bridge consumption of natural resources and a lot of energy, and emit large amounts of harmful gases, resulting in the serious harm to the environment. In recent years, the highway traffic has continued to grow rapidly, the highway bridge also generally exposed premature damage is not normal phenomenon, according to a survey by the end of 10 the total number of China's bridge has reached 93 thousand and 500, accounted for all of the bridge 14.3%. in order to extend the life of roads and bridges, ensure the safe operation of the bridge. The reinforcement has become a necessary method, but need to strengthen the bridge so much, the reinforcement of the bridge will also consume lots of energy and materials, and produce large amounts of harmful gases and emissions Harmful substances. The bridge construction throughout the developed countries generally experienced three stages: a new stage, new stage and maintenance and maintenance, strengthening stage, China has entered a new stage of maintenance and repair measures, gradually become the main stream of bridge engineering of bridge reinforcement, so it is necessary to study and analysis of environmental impact quantitatively the construction and reinforcement of bridges.
The main work of this article includes:
1, based on the basic framework of the life cycle method, request, and collection, integration of data acquisition and processing of inventory analysis, analysis of the basic building materials, bridge engineering, energy, emission coefficient reinforcement material, laid the foundation for strengthening environmental impact and the whole life cycle of the comprehensive quantitative analysis of the bridge.
2, the ecological index method of bridge materials production stage, construction stage based on a variety of materials, strengthening stage and resources involved in the demolition phase, calculation and analysis of environmental impact energy, the unit volume or the unit weight of material resources, the environmental impact potential energy value and the characteristic effect of environmental value is given for the first time. The bridge comprehensively the whole life cycle of materials, resources, environment and energy unit. The effects of proposed calculation and evaluation methods of ecological index system of bridge life cycle environmental impact based on.
3, the common reinforcement method used in bridge engineering are introduced, T beam bridge bearing capacity of the beam under the four kinds of reinforcement methods for reinforcement calculation, and combined with the highway bridge maintenance and reinforcement of the beam budget quota of four reinforcement methods of materials, resources, energy consumption of the life cycle. Then the environmental impact of the bridge with the proposed calculation method on the environmental impact of the four reinforcement methods are calculated and compared.
4, the author analyzes the Zhengzhou old bridge XX bridge, including bridge material analysis stage production stage, stage of construction, maintenance and reinforcement phase and the demolition stage, analysis of the life cycle environmental impact of the real bridge (from cradle to grave). The environmental impact in the production stage of the main bridge building materials required for the production of bridge the construction of the construction phase is calculated; due to the influence of construction machinery and transportation resource consumption generated; highwaybridge stage for the first time compared with bonded steel plates, CFRP and external prestressed reinforcement method of three kinds of environmental impact and environmental impact and cost than chose four kinds of reinforcement scheme of this bridge. In addition, the environmental impact of bridge deck pavement and the re detour is considered; final demolition stage considering the steel recycling and solid waste caused by environmental damage.
In this paper, through the analysis of different reinforcement method and bridge life cycle environmental impact comparison bridge, for the bridge reinforcement plan choice joined the environmental impact of the important factor, which can optimize the performance and cost of bridge life cycle sustainable has actual reference significance.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：北京交通大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：TU375

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