本文關(guān)鍵詞：兩種典型人員密集場所疏散過程分析　出處：《西安建筑科技大學(xué)》2013年博士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

  更多相關(guān)文章： 人員密集場所 高校宿舍樓 地鐵車站 人員疏散特性 人員疏散行為 FDS+Evca

【摘要】：集體宿舍和地鐵車站屬于人員密集場所，由于建筑物內(nèi)的人員密度較大，使得人員疏散效率降低和踩踏風(fēng)險加大。人員疏散已成為在集體宿舍和地鐵車站需要首先要給予關(guān)注的最基本的問題。進(jìn)行人員疏散研究的兩種主要手段為人員疏散演習(xí)試驗(yàn)和計算機(jī)數(shù)值模擬計算。人員疏散演習(xí)能夠很好地給出疏散過程中的人群的各種行為特征，人員疏散計算機(jī)數(shù)值計算模型對個體的心理等方面具有較好的描述能力，便于研究者更好的體現(xiàn)人與環(huán)境、人與人之間在疏散過程中的關(guān)系，可以更好的再現(xiàn)人員的疏散過程。本文的研究目的就是基于人員疏散演習(xí)試驗(yàn)，進(jìn)而建立準(zhǔn)確、合理的人員疏散計算機(jī)數(shù)值計算模型，重點(diǎn)研究人員在疏散過程中的行為和特性，為典型密集場所如集體宿舍和地鐵車站的人員疏散設(shè)計和人群管理提供參考。本文的主要研究內(nèi)容如下： 作者選擇高校宿舍樓和地鐵車站等人員密集建筑為研究對象。首先，選擇男、女兩棟宿舍樓作為研究對象分別進(jìn)行了試驗(yàn)研究，將試驗(yàn)研究和數(shù)值計算相結(jié)合，研究分析了人員疏散過程及疏散中的行為，分析了宿舍樓內(nèi)的疏散樓梯、走廊及出口對人員疏散的影響。研究發(fā)現(xiàn)人員疏散過程中存在聚集現(xiàn)象，隨著期望速度的增大，人員聚集現(xiàn)象越嚴(yán)重；當(dāng)期望速度的增大所帶來的疏散正效應(yīng)不足以彌補(bǔ)所帶來的負(fù)效應(yīng)時，，就會出現(xiàn)欲速則不達(dá)的現(xiàn)象；在疏散過程中，發(fā)現(xiàn)了聚眾現(xiàn)象即人員的跟隨效應(yīng)。基于疏散分析發(fā)現(xiàn)，人員的疏散距離與疏散時間并不總是成正比的關(guān)系，并非近出口的人員會較快的疏散出去；多層建筑中人員需借助樓梯向地面疏散，疏散過程中會出現(xiàn)人員流量分層現(xiàn)象。 其次，研究了地鐵車站中的人員安全疏散過程。作者對地鐵車站中行人的疏散進(jìn)行了數(shù)值計算分析，討論了人員密度、出口寬度對人員疏散的影響；將火災(zāi)蔓延與人員疏散相結(jié)合，研究了火災(zāi)情形下車站的環(huán)境參數(shù)的變化及對人員疏散過程的影響，探討了火災(zāi)情形下多層地鐵車站的人員疏散路徑。
[Abstract]:Dormitory and subway station belong to the crowded place, because of the large density of people in the building. The efficiency of evacuation is reduced and the risk of stampede is increased. Evacuation has become the most basic problem that should be paid attention to first in the dormitory and subway station. The two main methods for the study of evacuation are personnel. Evacuation exercise test and computer numerical simulation calculation. Personnel evacuation exercise can well give the evacuation process of the crowd behavior characteristics. The computer numerical model of evacuation has a good ability to describe individual psychology, which is convenient for researchers to better reflect the relationship between people and environment and between people in the evacuation process. The purpose of this paper is to establish an accurate and reasonable computer numerical model of evacuation based on the test of evacuation exercise. This paper focuses on the behavior and characteristics of the personnel in the evacuation process, which provides a reference for the evacuation design and crowd management of typical dense places such as dormitory and subway station. The main contents of this paper are as follows: The author chooses the residential buildings of colleges and universities and subway stations as the research objects. Firstly, two dormitory buildings, male and female, are chosen as the research objects. Combining the experimental research with numerical calculation, the evacuation process and behavior in evacuation are analyzed, and the evacuation staircase in the dormitory is analyzed. The influence of corridor and exit on evacuation. It is found that there is a phenomenon of aggregation in the process of evacuation, and with the increase of expected speed, the phenomenon of aggregation becomes more serious. When the positive effect of evacuation brought by the increase of expected speed is not enough to make up for the negative effect, the phenomenon of "haste is not reached" will appear. In the process of evacuation, the phenomenon of crowd gathering is found. Based on the evacuation analysis, it is found that the distance of evacuation is not always proportional to the time of evacuation. People who are not near the exit will be evacuated more quickly; In the multi-storey building, people need to evacuate to the ground with the help of stairs, and the phenomenon of flow stratification will occur during the evacuation. Secondly, the safety evacuation process of the subway station is studied. The author carries on the numerical calculation analysis to the subway station passenger evacuation, discusses the influence of the person density, the exit width to the person evacuation; Combining fire spread with evacuation, the change of environmental parameters and the influence on evacuation process of station are studied, and the evacuation path of multi-story subway station under fire is discussed.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西安建筑科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：TU998.1

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本文編號：1394452