本文選題：交通安全　切入點(diǎn)：視覺分心　出處：《北方工業(yè)大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：調(diào)研數(shù)據(jù)顯示,駕駛分心是引發(fā)交通事故的主要原因之一。隨著車載智能設(shè)備的增加和日益復(fù)雜的交通狀況,占用了駕駛員越來越多的注意力資源,容易引發(fā)駕駛分心現(xiàn)象,從而導(dǎo)致駕駛員感知、決策能力降低,甚至造成駕駛失誤等一系列不安全駕駛行為,因此駕駛分心已經(jīng)成為交通安全領(lǐng)域重要研究問題。本文根據(jù)人眼瞳孔的變化特征與自主神經(jīng)相互關(guān)系的醫(yī)學(xué)基礎(chǔ),利用眼動(dòng)測(cè)量法記錄駕駛員眼動(dòng)信息,選定眼睛本身指標(biāo)—瞳孔直徑進(jìn)行視覺分心和認(rèn)知分心的識(shí)別方法研究.首先,在對(duì)國內(nèi)外研究成果廣泛調(diào)研基礎(chǔ)上,開展了預(yù)實(shí)驗(yàn)和預(yù)處理。課題從駕駛員眼動(dòng)角度開展研究,確定研究內(nèi)容和思路。通過預(yù)實(shí)驗(yàn)選擇了合適的實(shí)驗(yàn)被試、有效的研究指標(biāo)和適宜的環(huán)境,為正式實(shí)驗(yàn)的開做鋪墊。原始數(shù)據(jù)的處理過程分為兩步,第一步剔除兩眼瞳孔直徑絕對(duì)差值大于閾值的數(shù)據(jù),第二步利用滑動(dòng)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)差查找異常數(shù)據(jù),結(jié)合線性插值法對(duì)異常數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行修復(fù),并取得了較好的處理效果。其次,課題設(shè)計(jì)了視覺分心實(shí)驗(yàn)方案,通過設(shè)置標(biāo)識(shí)牌使被試發(fā)生駕駛狀態(tài)改變,每位實(shí)驗(yàn)被試根據(jù)提示先后進(jìn)行跟馳駕駛、超車駕駛和視覺分心駕駛。實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)束后提取三種駕駛狀態(tài)下瞳孔直徑信息,利用方差分析從數(shù)值上進(jìn)行視覺分心識(shí)別方法研究,均方根分析和遞歸圖分析分別從能量和圖像上可進(jìn)行視覺分心狀態(tài)的觀測(cè)。接下來利用車道中心偏離距離進(jìn)行駕駛安全性分析,發(fā)現(xiàn)視覺分心狀態(tài)下存在駕駛安全問題。最后,課題設(shè)計(jì)了認(rèn)知分心實(shí)驗(yàn)方案,通過詢問計(jì)算題的方式使被試發(fā)生認(rèn)知分心,并利用包絡(luò)分析觀測(cè)認(rèn)知分心水平變化。結(jié)果表明,認(rèn)知分心過程中瞳孔直徑逐漸升高,并隨著認(rèn)知分心結(jié)束而回歸正常水平。隨后對(duì)認(rèn)知分心狀態(tài)進(jìn)行駕駛安全性分析,選用方向盤旋轉(zhuǎn)率指標(biāo),通過與正常駕駛狀態(tài)進(jìn)行對(duì)比,發(fā)現(xiàn)認(rèn)知分心狀態(tài)下方向盤旋轉(zhuǎn)率變化平緩,表明此時(shí)橫向駕駛績效降低。
[Abstract]:Research data show that driving distraction is one of the main causes of traffic accidents.With the increase of vehicle intelligent devices and the increasingly complex traffic conditions, drivers are occupying more and more attention resources, which can easily lead to driving distractions, thus leading to the driver's perception and decision-making ability.Even causes a series of unsafe driving behavior such as driving error, so driving distraction has become an important research problem in the field of traffic safety.Based on the medical basis of the relationship between the characteristics of eye pupil change and autonomic nerve, the eye movement information of driver was recorded by eye movement measurement method, and the visual distraction and cognitive distraction were studied by selecting the index of eye itself-pupil diameter.Firstly, on the basis of extensive research results at home and abroad, pre-experiment and pre-treatment were carried out.The research is carried out from the angle of driver's eye movement, and the research content and train of thought are determined.The suitable experimental subjects were selected by pre-experiment, the effective research index and the suitable environment were selected, which paved the way for the formal experiment.The process of processing the original data is divided into two steps. The first step is to eliminate the data whose absolute difference of pupil diameter is greater than the threshold. The second step is to search the abnormal data by sliding standard deviation, and to repair the abnormal data with linear interpolation method.Good results have been obtained.Secondly, a visual distraction experiment scheme is designed, which changes the driving state of the subjects by setting up a signboard. Each subject carries on following driving, overtaking driving and visual distracted driving according to the prompts.At the end of the experiment, the information of pupil diameter in three driving states was extracted, the visual distraction recognition method was studied numerically by variance analysis, and the visual distraction state could be observed from energy and image by root mean square analysis and recursive graph analysis, respectively.Then the driving safety analysis is carried out by using the driveway center deviation distance, and it is found that there are driving safety problems in visual distraction.Finally, a cognitive distraction experiment scheme was designed, in which cognitive distraction was induced by asking and calculating questions, and the change of cognitive distraction level was observed by envelope analysis.The results showed that the pupil diameter increased gradually during cognitive distraction and returned to normal level with the end of cognitive distraction.Then the driving safety of cognitive distraction state was analyzed and the steering wheel rotation rate index was selected. By comparing with the normal driving state, it was found that the steering wheel rotation rate changed slowly under cognitive distraction state, which indicated that the lateral driving performance decreased.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：北方工業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：U491.25;TP391.9

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