本文選題：非制冷　切入點(diǎn)：紅外焦平面陣列　出處：《中國科學(xué)院大學(xué)(中國科學(xué)院光電技術(shù)研究所)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：非制冷紅外FPA(Focal Plane Array,焦平面陣列)具有體積小、功耗低、價(jià)格低廉等優(yōu)點(diǎn),成為很多便攜式紅外成像系統(tǒng)的首要選擇,已經(jīng)被廣泛應(yīng)用到軍用及民用領(lǐng)域。而受到制造工藝和工作原理的限制,非制冷紅外FPA工作狀態(tài)容易受到其工作環(huán)境的影響,且還面臨紅外成像中難以避免的非均勻性和圖像對(duì)比度低的問題,因此必須對(duì)其進(jìn)行改善。本文通過對(duì)非均勻性校正和圖像增強(qiáng)算法的研究,以實(shí)驗(yàn)室研制的UL03162非制冷紅外相機(jī)為基礎(chǔ),研究了非制冷紅外FPA的驅(qū)動(dòng)和預(yù)處理技術(shù)對(duì)紅外成像的影響,提出對(duì)應(yīng)的改進(jìn)方法。本文主要完成以下工作:(1)首先介紹了非制冷紅外相機(jī)的硬件系統(tǒng)結(jié)構(gòu),從傳感器的參數(shù),系統(tǒng)的存儲(chǔ)能力和計(jì)算能力等方面驗(yàn)證了實(shí)現(xiàn)紅外成像的可行性,并闡述了幾個(gè)重要芯片在系統(tǒng)中的主要功能,為后文算法的實(shí)現(xiàn)及實(shí)驗(yàn)測(cè)試奠定了基礎(chǔ)。(2)介紹了紅外傳感器的初始化過程,并通過分析紅外傳感器和其配置的A/D的時(shí)序,結(jié)合所設(shè)定的輸出標(biāo)準(zhǔn),為其設(shè)計(jì)了合適的初始化參數(shù),驅(qū)動(dòng)脈沖和同步信號(hào)。(3)分析出電壓紋波和敏感電壓參數(shù)對(duì)圖像的影響,然后根據(jù)紋波設(shè)計(jì)對(duì)應(yīng)的濾波電路,通過實(shí)驗(yàn)標(biāo)定敏感電壓的可用范圍,獲得了適用于較寬溫度范圍的敏感電壓值。(4)針對(duì)非制冷紅外焦平面的非均勻性問題,通過分析兩種工程實(shí)用算法的適用環(huán)境,以輸出圖像的均方根噪聲為評(píng)判準(zhǔn)則,比較兩點(diǎn)校正和一點(diǎn)校正的可取之處,選定可行的算法并計(jì)算相應(yīng)的校正系數(shù);針對(duì)圖像對(duì)比度低的問題,總結(jié)了紅外傳感器所成的原始圖像的直方圖特點(diǎn),然后比較幾種主流的基于直方圖的圖像增強(qiáng)算法,提出一種簡化后的直方圖算法,并將算法移植到FPGA上實(shí)現(xiàn)。(5)最后,確定了溫度波動(dòng)對(duì)焦平面成像的影響,測(cè)量得到所成圖像與焦平面溫度之間的關(guān)系,通過實(shí)驗(yàn)獲得了不同溫度下的補(bǔ)償系數(shù),并根據(jù)焦平面溫度進(jìn)行實(shí)時(shí)補(bǔ)償,同時(shí)為了方便測(cè)試和數(shù)據(jù)的直觀,設(shè)計(jì)了測(cè)試軟件,可以實(shí)現(xiàn)參數(shù)的實(shí)時(shí)更新和顯示等。
[Abstract]:Uncooled infrared FPA(Focal Plane array (focal plane array) has many advantages, such as small size, low power consumption, low price and so on, so it has become the first choice of many portable infrared imaging systems. It has been widely used in military and civil fields. Due to the limitation of manufacturing technology and working principle, uncooled infrared FPA is vulnerable to the influence of its working environment. It is also faced with the problems of inhomogeneity and low contrast in infrared imaging, so it is necessary to improve it. In this paper, we study the algorithms of nonuniformity correction and image enhancement. Based on the UL03162 uncooled infrared camera developed in laboratory, the effects of the driving and preprocessing techniques of uncooled infrared FPA on infrared imaging are studied. This paper introduces the hardware system structure of the uncooled infrared camera and the parameters of the sensor. The storage capacity and computing ability of the system verify the feasibility of infrared imaging, and describe the main functions of several important chips in the system. The initialization process of infrared sensor is introduced. By analyzing the sequence of infrared sensor and its configuration of A / D, and combining with the output standard set, the paper introduces the initialization process of infrared sensor. A suitable initialization parameter is designed for it, driving pulse and synchronous signal. (3) the influence of voltage ripple and sensitive voltage parameter on image is analyzed. Then, according to the filter circuit corresponding to ripple design, the usable range of sensitive voltage is calibrated by experiment. In order to solve the problem of non-uniformity of uncooled infrared focal plane, the RMS noise of the output image is taken as the criterion by analyzing the applicable environment of the two practical engineering algorithms. By comparing the merits of two-point correction and one-point correction, the feasible algorithm is selected and the corresponding correction coefficients are calculated. Aiming at the problem of low image contrast, the histogram characteristics of the original image made by infrared sensor are summarized. Then compare several mainstream image enhancement algorithms based on histogram, propose a simplified histogram algorithm, and transplant the algorithm to FPGA. Finally, determine the effect of temperature fluctuation on focal plane imaging. The relationship between the image and the focal plane temperature is obtained, and the compensation coefficient at different temperature is obtained by experiments, and the real-time compensation is carried out according to the focal plane temperature. In order to facilitate the measurement and the visualization of the data, the test software is designed. Parameters can be updated and displayed in real time.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國科學(xué)院大學(xué)(中國科學(xué)院光電技術(shù)研究所)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：TP391.41

【參考文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前10條

1 王洋;潘志斌;;紅外圖像降噪與增強(qiáng)技術(shù)綜述[J];無線電工程;2016年10期

2 李維;武騰飛;王宇;;焦平面紅外探測(cè)器研究進(jìn)展[J];計(jì)測(cè)技術(shù);2016年01期

3 莫朝霞;陳沅江;;我國紅外熱像檢測(cè)技術(shù)的研究及發(fā)展展望[J];激光與紅外;2014年12期

4 賈兆輝;伊興國;孔鵬;李晨光;;一種基于直方圖的自適應(yīng)紅外圖像增強(qiáng)算法[J];紅外技術(shù);2014年09期

5 孟虎;龍永福;;非制冷紅外焦平面探測(cè)器技術(shù)應(yīng)用及市場(chǎng)分析[J];湖南文理學(xué)院學(xué)報(bào)(自然科學(xué)版);2014年02期

6 李樂鵬;孫水發(fā);夏沖;陳鵬;董方敏;;直方圖均衡技術(shù)綜述[J];計(jì)算機(jī)系統(tǒng)應(yīng)用;2014年03期

7 蔡毅;王嶺雪;;紅外成像技術(shù)中的9個(gè)問題[J];紅外技術(shù);2013年11期

8 龔昌來;羅聰;楊冬濤;黃杰賢;;基于加權(quán)直方圖均衡的紅外圖像增強(qiáng)方法[J];激光與紅外;2013年08期

9 樊宏杰;許振領(lǐng);楊淼淼;王敏;鄒前進(jìn);劉連偉;;焦平面紅外成像設(shè)備非均勻性校正殘差分析[J];紅外技術(shù);2013年07期

10 陳錢;;紅外圖像處理技術(shù)現(xiàn)狀及發(fā)展趨勢(shì)[J];紅外技術(shù);2013年06期

相關(guān)碩士學(xué)位論文 前10條

1 孟洋;實(shí)時(shí)紅外圖像對(duì)比度增強(qiáng)技術(shù)研究[D];西安電子科技大學(xué);2014年

2 趙俊成;紅外圖像自適應(yīng)增強(qiáng)算法研究[D];西安電子科技大學(xué);2014年

3 尚磊;紅外成像系統(tǒng)關(guān)鍵技術(shù)研究與實(shí)現(xiàn)[D];西安電子科技大學(xué);2013年

4 龔曼曼;基于場(chǎng)景的非均勻性校正[D];南京理工大學(xué);2012年

5 涂志強(qiáng);一種自適應(yīng)雙平臺(tái)直方圖紅外圖像增強(qiáng)算法及其FPGA實(shí)現(xiàn)[D];華中科技大學(xué);2012年

6 王志國;紅外熱成像儀測(cè)溫定標(biāo)模型研究[D];華中科技大學(xué);2011年

7 張鵬;紅外成像非均勻性校正技術(shù)研究[D];北方工業(yè)大學(xué);2009年

8 張磊;紅外焦平面非均勻性校正方法研究與仿真[D];南京理工大學(xué);2009年

9 何泰誠;紅外焦平面非均勻性校正算法的研究[D];西安電子科技大學(xué);2008年

10 薛慧;紅外焦平面陣列非均勻性校正方法研究[D];哈爾濱工業(yè)大學(xué);2007年

，

本文編號(hào)：1676853