本文選題：塔里木盆地　切入點(diǎn)：荒漠化　出處：《新疆師范大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：塔里木盆地作為絲綢之路經(jīng)濟(jì)帶中段的核心區(qū),蘊(yùn)藏著豐富的自然資源,但同時(shí)也是絲綢之路經(jīng)濟(jì)帶沿線自然生態(tài)環(huán)境極為脆弱的地區(qū),該地區(qū)土地荒漠化嚴(yán)重,加之人類活動(dòng)的干擾,特別是水土資源的不合理利用,嚴(yán)重制約著區(qū)域的生態(tài)安全和經(jīng)濟(jì)可持續(xù)發(fā)展,所以當(dāng)前掌握塔里木盆地荒漠化過程以及動(dòng)態(tài)變化趨勢(shì)顯得尤為重要。本文基于RS和GIS技術(shù),利用MODIS-NDVI遙感數(shù)據(jù),計(jì)算植被覆蓋度作為評(píng)價(jià)指標(biāo),對(duì)塔里木盆地2000—2014年的荒漠化空間格局進(jìn)行了分析,并探討了氣候變化和人類活動(dòng)對(duì)荒漠化的影響。研究結(jié)果表明:(1)塔里木盆地重度荒漠化占比最大(64.63%),中度荒漠化(17.70%)、輕度荒漠化(9.95%)、非荒漠化較少(4.18%)。從空間上看,重度荒漠化面積主要分布在塔里木盆地中部地區(qū),包含塔克拉瑪干沙漠,近15年塔里木盆地東北方向荒漠化有所加劇;中度荒漠化主要分布在沙漠與綠洲過渡帶區(qū)域,沿塔里木河干流中度荒漠化擴(kuò)張明顯;輕度荒漠化區(qū)域主要分布于灌叢和草地,主要位于渭干河-庫(kù)車河綠洲,而非荒漠化區(qū)域主要為人類活動(dòng)的人工綠洲及綠洲邊緣;(2)不同程度荒漠化土地面積變化不一,重度荒漠化面積近十余年平均變化速率約為-0.0076 km_2·a-1,略有減少,而中度荒漠化面積增加迅速,以0.0169km_2·a-1速率增加,輕度荒漠化面積小幅上升,非荒漠化面積則顯著上升,分別以0.0093和0.0289 km_2·a-1的速率增加;(3)對(duì)MODIS數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行精度評(píng)價(jià),總體上評(píng)估精度達(dá)到了75.25%,說明兩種分辨率的數(shù)據(jù)產(chǎn)品評(píng)估荒漠化的結(jié)果大體上一致。通過塔里木盆地重心軌跡遷移顯示,重度荒漠化15年間向東北方向遷移21.08 km,說明重度荒漠化向東北方向遷移,主要原因是塔克拉瑪干沙漠存在北移擴(kuò)張,而非荒漠化整體向西南遷移了65.23km,遷移方向與水源條件有關(guān),同時(shí)還與人工綠洲不斷擴(kuò)張、耕地面積擴(kuò)大密切聯(lián)系著。同時(shí)對(duì)荒漠化加重區(qū)域分析得出,環(huán)塔克拉瑪干沙漠邊緣分布著荒漠化加重區(qū)域,荒漠化向綠洲擴(kuò)張,通過柵格計(jì)算,2000-2014年荒漠化加重區(qū)域占塔里木盆地土地總面積的9.04%;(4)塔里木盆地荒漠化是由氣候和土地利用變化共同作用的結(jié)果。年降水量與荒漠化關(guān)系密切,相關(guān)系數(shù)為0.45,年均溫與荒漠化的相關(guān)系數(shù)為-0.24;土地利用也發(fā)生著顯著變化,2000-2014年間,盆地耕地面積持續(xù)不斷擴(kuò)張,從23.4×10_3km_2增長(zhǎng)到36.58×10_3km_2,近15a間耕地面積增加了13.18×10_3km_2,其中,以沿塔里木河干流區(qū)耕地面積增加最快,說明人類活動(dòng)較為劇烈,同時(shí),強(qiáng)烈擠占了生態(tài)用水,加速了綠洲外圍荒漠化過程的發(fā)展。
[Abstract]:The Tarim Basin, as the core area of the middle section of the Silk Road economic belt, is rich in natural resources, but at the same time, it is also a region where the natural ecological environment along the Silk Road Economic Belt is extremely fragile. The land desertification in this area is serious. In addition, the disturbance of human activities, especially the unreasonable utilization of water and soil resources, seriously restricts the ecological security and sustainable economic development of the region. Therefore, it is very important to master the process of desertification and the trend of dynamic change in Tarim Basin. Based on RS and GIS technology, this paper uses MODIS-NDVI remote sensing data to calculate vegetation coverage as evaluation index. The spatial pattern of desertification in the Tarim Basin from 2000 to 2014 was analysed, The effects of climate change and human activities on desertification are also discussed. The results show that the largest proportion of heavy desertification in Tarim Basin is 64.63m, the proportion of moderate desertification is 17.7070m, the mildly desertification is 9.95m, and the non-desertification is less 4.18. from the spatial point of view, The area of severe desertification is mainly distributed in the central part of Tarim Basin, including the Taklimakan Desert. In the last 15 years, the desertification in the northeast direction of the Tarim Basin has been intensified, while the moderate desertification is mainly distributed in the transitional zone between desert and oasis. The moderate desertification along the main stream of Tarim River is obvious, and the area of slight desertification is mainly distributed in thickets and grasslands, mainly located in the oasis of Weigan River and Kuqa River. In the non-desertification area, the artificial oasis and the oasis edge mainly belong to human activities. The land area of desertification varies with different degrees. The average rate of change in the area of severe desertification is about -0.0076 km_2 / a ~ (-1) in the last decade, which decreases slightly. The moderate desertification area increased rapidly, the 0.0169km_2 a-1 rate increased, the slight desertification area increased slightly, and the non-desertification area increased significantly. The accuracy of MODIS data was evaluated at the rate of 0.0093 and 0.0289 MODIS a-1, respectively. The overall accuracy of the assessment has reached 75.25, indicating that the results of the two resolution data products in assessing desertification are generally consistent. The migration of the center of gravity of the Tarim basin shows that. During the 15 years of severe desertification, the migration to northeast direction was 21.08 km, indicating that the migration of heavy desertification to northeast direction was mainly due to the northward migration and expansion of Taklimakan Desert, but not to the whole migration of 65.23 km of desertification to the southwest. The migration direction was related to the water source condition. At the same time, it is closely related to the continuous expansion of artificial oasis and the expansion of cultivated land area. At the same time, the analysis of the region of desertification aggravation shows that the desertification aggravation area distributes along the edge of Taklimakan Desert, and the desertification expands to the oasis. Desertification in the Tarim Basin from 2000 to 2014 accounts for 9.04% of the total land area of the Tarim Basin. Desertification in the Tarim Basin is the result of climate and land use change. The annual precipitation is closely related to desertification. The correlation coefficient is 0.45, and the correlation coefficient between annual mean temperature and desertification is -0.24.The land use has also undergone significant changes. During the period 2000-2014, the area of cultivated land in the basin continued to expand, from 23.4 脳 10_3km_2 to 36.58 脳 103km2, and the cultivated land area increased 13.18 脳 103km2 over the past 15 years, of which, The increase of cultivated land area along the Tarim River shows that the human activities are more intense, and the ecological water consumption is taken up strongly, which accelerates the development of desertification process in the periphery of the oasis.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：新疆師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：X171.1;P208;X87

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