本文選題：遙感　切入點(diǎn)：GIS　出處：《四川師范大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文　論文類(lèi)型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：近年來(lái),隨著人類(lèi)活動(dòng)強(qiáng)度及規(guī)模的不斷擴(kuò)大,導(dǎo)致了生態(tài)環(huán)境的破壞,使得區(qū)域的生態(tài)安全不斷惡化。山地平原過(guò)渡地區(qū)具有不可替代的資源支撐、生態(tài)服務(wù)與環(huán)境調(diào)節(jié)功能的重要性,但生態(tài)環(huán)境脆弱,易發(fā)生次生地質(zhì)災(zāi)害,目前我國(guó)對(duì)其關(guān)注不夠,缺乏對(duì)這類(lèi)地區(qū)生態(tài)安全的深入探討,加強(qiáng)對(duì)山地平原過(guò)渡地區(qū)的生態(tài)安全方面研究具有非常重要的意義。本文依托“教育部重點(diǎn)實(shí)驗(yàn)室”、“省國(guó)土資源協(xié)同創(chuàng)新中心”科研平臺(tái)和國(guó)家自然科學(xué)基金面上項(xiàng)目等,以成都市的山地平原過(guò)渡地區(qū),即彭州市、都江堰市、崇州市、大邑縣、邛崍市五個(gè)行政區(qū)為研究區(qū)域,以生態(tài)安全為研究對(duì)象,選取2000~2015 a的四期遙感影像為數(shù)據(jù)源,采用監(jiān)督分類(lèi)法提取土地利用變化信息;基于P-S-R模型構(gòu)建研究區(qū)的生態(tài)安全評(píng)價(jià)指標(biāo)體系;利用遙感和GIS技術(shù)獲取植被覆蓋度、土壤侵蝕敏感性、地表溫度反演、生態(tài)系統(tǒng)服務(wù)價(jià)值等共20個(gè)指標(biāo)值,再依次進(jìn)行指標(biāo)柵格化表達(dá)并按權(quán)重進(jìn)行空間疊加,據(jù)此得到過(guò)渡地區(qū)2000~2015 a的綜合生態(tài)安全數(shù)據(jù),從像元和行政區(qū)兩種尺度對(duì)研究區(qū)的生態(tài)安全狀況進(jìn)行分析;最后使用探索性空間分析法(ESDA)中的Moran's I、Getis-Ord General G、Getis-Ord Gi*和Local Moran's Ii指數(shù)對(duì)研究區(qū)的生態(tài)安全時(shí)空分異進(jìn)行分析。得出以下結(jié)論:(1)整體而言,2000~2015 a過(guò)渡地區(qū)的生態(tài)安全處于中度安全的狀態(tài),但生態(tài)安全指數(shù)有減小的趨勢(shì)。生態(tài)安全等級(jí)較高的區(qū)域主要是距城鎮(zhèn)有一定的距離的西部和北部的山區(qū)和半山區(qū),平原地區(qū)人類(lèi)活動(dòng)強(qiáng)烈,生態(tài)安全狀態(tài)等級(jí)較低;都江堰市,大邑縣和邛崍市的生態(tài)安全指數(shù)都高于其平均水平,而彭州市和崇州市的生態(tài)安全指數(shù)均低于其平均水平。隨著經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展,主城區(qū)向外不斷擴(kuò)散以及一些鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)的不斷發(fā)展,生態(tài)安全指數(shù)由高變低。(2)四個(gè)時(shí)期、四種尺度下(Ⅰ500*500、Ⅱ1000*1000、Ⅲ1500*1500、Ⅳ2000*2000)的生態(tài)安全空間自相關(guān)效果均顯著。Moran’s I值都是隨著空間距離的遞增而不斷減小,即隨著空間距離的增加以及研究尺度的擴(kuò)大,研究區(qū)的空間相關(guān)性在不斷減弱。四個(gè)年份的生態(tài)安全Moran's I值在小尺度500m*500m最大。(3)2000~2015 a,研究區(qū)內(nèi)部的生態(tài)安全存在空間上的高值集聚模式。生態(tài)安全“冷點(diǎn)”區(qū)域主要分布在東部和南部的平原地區(qū),以各個(gè)市縣的主城區(qū)和一些較大的鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)為核心,向外穩(wěn)定擴(kuò)散;生態(tài)安全“熱點(diǎn)”區(qū)域主要分布在西部和北部的山區(qū),該區(qū)域受人類(lèi)活動(dòng)影響小。(4)2000~2007 a和2008~2015 a兩個(gè)時(shí)段的生態(tài)安全變化整體上呈現(xiàn)聚集分布,但局部差異性在逐步增強(qiáng)。2007~2008 a震后的生態(tài)安全變化仍存在一定空間集聚性。生態(tài)安全變化的四種類(lèi)型區(qū)在空間上不斷變化,以高—高型區(qū)域最多,低—低型次之,且這兩種類(lèi)型的擴(kuò)散效應(yīng)隨時(shí)間的推移在逐漸減弱。
[Abstract]:In recent years, with the expansion of the intensity and scale of human activities, the ecological environment has been destroyed and the ecological security of the region has been deteriorating. The importance of ecological service and environmental regulation function, but the ecological environment is fragile, prone to secondary geological disasters, at present, our country does not pay enough attention to it, lack of in-depth discussion of ecological security in this kind of areas. It is of great significance to strengthen the research on ecological security in the transitional areas of mountainous plains. This paper relies on the key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education, the Scientific Research platform of the Provincial Land and Resources Cooperative Innovation Center and the National Natural Science Foundation of China, etc. Taking the mountain plain transitional areas of Chengdu, namely, Pengzhou, Dujiangyan, Chongzhou, Dayi and Qionglai as the research areas, taking ecological security as the research object, the four periods of remote sensing images from 2000 to 2015 a are selected as data sources. Based on P-S-R model, the ecological security evaluation index system of the study area is constructed. The vegetation coverage, soil erosion sensitivity and surface temperature inversion are obtained by remote sensing and GIS. There are 20 index values of ecosystem service value, and then the index rasterization expression is carried out and the spatial superposition is carried out according to the weight. According to this, the comprehensive ecological security data of the transitional area 20005a are obtained. The ecological security situation of the study area is analyzed from the pixel and the administrative region scale. Finally, using the Moran's Itis-Ord General Getis-Ord-Ord * and Local Moran's I I index in the exploratory spatial analysis method to analyze the spatial and temporal diversity of ecological security in the study area, the following conclusions are drawn: (1) the ecological security in the transitional area of 20002005a is in a moderately safe state as a whole. However, the ecological security index has a decreasing trend. The regions with higher ecological security grade are mainly mountainous and semi-mountainous areas in the west and north of China, which are far from the towns. The human activities in the plain areas are strong, and the ecological security level is lower than that in the plain areas. The ecological safety index of Dujiangyan, Dayi and Qionglai is higher than its average level, while that of Pengzhou and Chongzhou is lower than its average. The main urban areas continue to spread out and some villages and towns continue to develop, and the ecological security index changes from high to low. The effects of self-correlation of ecological safety in four scales (鈪，

本文編號(hào)：1584612