本文關(guān)鍵詞： 膝關(guān)節(jié) 全膝關(guān)節(jié)置換 下蹲運(yùn)動(dòng) 髕腱松解 動(dòng)態(tài)有限元分析　出處：《河南理工大學(xué)》2016年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：本文以國(guó)家自然科學(xué)基金“高屈曲人工膝關(guān)節(jié)的高屈曲穩(wěn)定性機(jī)制研究”為支撐,研究了人體膝關(guān)節(jié)下蹲運(yùn)動(dòng)特性及TKA(全膝關(guān)節(jié)置換)后,髕腱上端松解30%、下端松解30%和兩端同時(shí)松解30%對(duì)下蹲運(yùn)動(dòng)特性的影響。借助計(jì)算機(jī)圖形圖像技術(shù)對(duì)已經(jīng)獲取的人體膝關(guān)節(jié)解剖結(jié)構(gòu)數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行處理,建立了包括膝關(guān)節(jié)骨組織以及半月板、軟骨、內(nèi)外側(cè)副韌帶、前后交叉韌帶、髕韌帶和髕股橫韌帶等主要軟組織在內(nèi)的人體自然膝關(guān)節(jié)三維幾何解剖模型。在建立的人體自然膝關(guān)節(jié)幾何解剖模型的基礎(chǔ)上,模擬全膝關(guān)節(jié)置換截骨和假體裝配,從而建立了全膝置換后的人體膝關(guān)節(jié)三維幾何解剖模型。建立了自然膝關(guān)節(jié)下蹲運(yùn)動(dòng)的動(dòng)態(tài)有限元模型。通過計(jì)算分析得出了人體自然膝關(guān)節(jié)下蹲運(yùn)動(dòng)的髕股關(guān)節(jié)、脛股關(guān)節(jié)的定量運(yùn)動(dòng)數(shù)據(jù)。并結(jié)合相關(guān)文獻(xiàn)的查閱和數(shù)據(jù)處理,對(duì)膝關(guān)節(jié)髕股關(guān)節(jié)和脛股關(guān)節(jié)的下蹲運(yùn)動(dòng)特性進(jìn)行了綜合對(duì)比分析,總結(jié)膝關(guān)節(jié)髕股關(guān)節(jié)和脛股關(guān)節(jié)的運(yùn)動(dòng)特性,得到相關(guān)的結(jié)論,同時(shí)提出一些膝關(guān)節(jié)運(yùn)動(dòng)相關(guān)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的統(tǒng)一等方面的建議。建立了后穩(wěn)定型假體(PFC)置換后髕腱松解前的膝關(guān)節(jié)下蹲運(yùn)動(dòng)的動(dòng)態(tài)有限元模型,同時(shí)分別建立了髕腱上端松解、下端松解和兩端同時(shí)松解30%的膝關(guān)節(jié)動(dòng)態(tài)有限元模型。經(jīng)有限元分析獲得膝關(guān)節(jié)下蹲運(yùn)動(dòng)時(shí)假體置換后髕腱松解前后的運(yùn)動(dòng)學(xué)參數(shù)。進(jìn)行TKA后髕腱松解前與自然膝關(guān)節(jié)運(yùn)動(dòng)參數(shù)對(duì)比分析研究,得出全膝關(guān)節(jié)置換前后的數(shù)據(jù)差異,提出了改善PFC假體設(shè)計(jì)和TKA優(yōu)化的建議。進(jìn)行TKA后髕腱松解前后的相關(guān)運(yùn)動(dòng)學(xué)參數(shù)對(duì)比分析研究,得到髕腱不同松解部位對(duì)膝關(guān)節(jié)相關(guān)活動(dòng)度影響的定值結(jié)果。TKA后髕腱松解前后的膝關(guān)節(jié)下蹲運(yùn)動(dòng)仿真分析結(jié)果表明,髕腱松解后相比于松解前,髕骨相對(duì)股骨的屈曲、內(nèi)外旋、內(nèi)外傾和上下移位有所增大;髕骨相對(duì)股骨的內(nèi)外移和前后移以及股骨相對(duì)脛骨的內(nèi)收外展、上下移位、內(nèi)外移和前后移位有所減小。同時(shí),髕腱松解的不同部位對(duì)膝關(guān)節(jié)不同運(yùn)動(dòng)的改變程度有所差異。本文研究結(jié)果可以為膝關(guān)節(jié)病理、康復(fù)的研究以及相關(guān)手術(shù)提供參考。
[Abstract]:Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China, "study on the Mechanism of High buckling Stability of High flexion artificial knee Joint", this paper studies the motion characteristics of human knee joint squat and total knee arthroplasty (TKAs). The upper end of patellar tendon is loosened 30 and the lower end 30% and both ends of 30% are released simultaneously. The acquired anatomical data of human knee joint are processed with the help of computer graphics and image technology. The bone tissue, meniscus, cartilage, medial collateral ligament, anterior cruciate ligament, anterior and posterior cruciate ligament of the knee joint were established. Three-dimensional geometric anatomical model of human natural knee joint including patellar ligament and transverse patellofemoral ligament, etc. Based on the geometric anatomical model of human natural knee joint, total knee arthroplasty osteotomy and prosthesis assembly were simulated. Thus, the three-dimensional geometric anatomical model of human knee joint after total knee replacement is established. The dynamic finite element model of squatting motion of natural knee joint is established. The patellofemoral joint of natural knee joint squatting motion is obtained by calculation and analysis. Quantitative motion data of tibiofemoral joint. Combined with reference of relevant literature and data processing, the characteristics of squatting motion of patellofemoral joint and tibiofemoral joint of knee joint were compared and analyzed. The motion characteristics of patellofemoral joint and tibiofemoral joint of knee joint were summarized, and the relevant conclusions were obtained. The dynamic finite element model of the knee joint squatting movement before the patellar tendon release was established, and the upper patellar tendon release was established respectively. The dynamic finite element model of knee joint with lower end release and simultaneous release 30% was obtained by finite element analysis. The kinematic parameters of patellar tendon before and after replacement of patellar tendon during knee squatting movement were obtained by finite element analysis. Before and after the release of patellar tendon after TKA, the kinematic parameters of the knee joint were obtained before and after the release of patellar tendon. Comparative analysis of knee motion parameters, The difference of data before and after total knee arthroplasty was obtained, and suggestions for improving the design of PFC prosthesis and optimization of TKA were put forward. The relative kinematic parameters before and after the release of patellar tendon after TKA were compared and analyzed. The results of simulation analysis of knee squatting motion before and after the release of patellar tendon showed that the flexion and internal rotation of patella relative to femur after patellar tendon release compared with that before and after release of patellar tendon. The internal and external displacement of the patella relative to the femur, the anteroposterior and anteroposterior displacement of the patella and the adductive outreaching of the femur relative to the tibia were increased, and the internal and external displacement and the anteroposterior displacement of the femur were decreased. The results of this study can provide reference for the study of knee joint pathology, rehabilitation and related surgery.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：河南理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號(hào)】：R318.01;TP391.41

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