本文關(guān)鍵詞： 三維成型 細(xì)分驅(qū)動(dòng) 成型噴頭溫度 QPSO-BP算法　出處：《西安科技大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：目前三維成型技術(shù)被世界各國(guó)人所接受,并且這種將數(shù)字化模型文件快速地轉(zhuǎn)化成生物材料或光敏樹脂等的技術(shù)也迅速發(fā)展,前景十分廣闊。桌面級(jí)的三維成型機(jī)具有耗材廣泛、設(shè)備要求低、操作方便等優(yōu)點(diǎn)。但是三維成型機(jī)的硬件主要包括電機(jī)、成型噴頭、主控器等,其內(nèi)部結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)雜,電機(jī)的穩(wěn)定運(yùn)行和溫度的精確控制是確保成型物品精度的重要環(huán)節(jié)。所以,對(duì)如何提高三維成型機(jī)的成型精度的研究具有重要的意義。本文對(duì)自主研發(fā)的三維成型機(jī)展開研究,首先,設(shè)計(jì)出三維成型機(jī)的整體系統(tǒng)方案及硬件結(jié)構(gòu),側(cè)重研究系統(tǒng)的軟硬件平臺(tái)和部分內(nèi)部資源在三維成型機(jī)中的具體應(yīng)用,同時(shí)給出三維成型系統(tǒng)的整體工作鏈和控制原理。然后重點(diǎn)分析步進(jìn)電機(jī)驅(qū)動(dòng)系統(tǒng),包括細(xì)分驅(qū)動(dòng)技術(shù)的概念、特點(diǎn)和原理。除此之外,針對(duì)步進(jìn)電機(jī)步進(jìn)電機(jī)失步或跳步、和易產(chǎn)生共振等不足,本文提出電流矢量恒幅均勻旋轉(zhuǎn)的細(xì)分驅(qū)動(dòng)方法,該方法采用保持電流合成矢量的幅值不變,均勻地變化旋轉(zhuǎn)的角度的思路,使得電流矢量恒幅且均勻細(xì)分驅(qū)動(dòng)。經(jīng)實(shí)驗(yàn)仿真驗(yàn)證,并與常用的細(xì)分驅(qū)動(dòng)方法對(duì)比,該方法在三維成型系統(tǒng)上的應(yīng)用是可行性,不僅能使得系統(tǒng)中的五軸電機(jī)協(xié)調(diào)穩(wěn)定運(yùn)行,而且成型精度有所提高。其次,成型噴頭溫度的高低直接影響熔融耗材的成型實(shí)物效果。針對(duì)三維成型機(jī)的成型噴頭溫度波動(dòng)大對(duì)成型效果甚至噴頭壽命的影響,提出基于QPSO-BP神經(jīng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)建立成型噴頭溫度預(yù)測(cè)模型,該方法采用取長(zhǎng)補(bǔ)短的優(yōu)化思路,利用量子粒子群優(yōu)化BP神經(jīng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)的初始權(quán)值和閾值,來(lái)提前預(yù)測(cè)溫度趨勢(shì)以達(dá)到對(duì)溫度精確控制的目的。通過(guò)Matlab仿真證明了應(yīng)用該算法的控制效果。最后,在軟件設(shè)計(jì)及實(shí)驗(yàn)性測(cè)試方面,對(duì)三維成型過(guò)程中所用的建模軟件、切片軟件進(jìn)行分析,并設(shè)計(jì)操控界面。成型的上下位機(jī)進(jìn)行調(diào)試后,在自主研制的平臺(tái)上實(shí)際加工獵人頭像實(shí)物,對(duì)本文提出的兩種方法進(jìn)行實(shí)驗(yàn)驗(yàn)證。實(shí)驗(yàn)測(cè)試及分析表明,優(yōu)化后比優(yōu)化前的成型實(shí)物的粗糙度降低了 0.3mm。本文提出的方法可以為精細(xì)加工的成型系統(tǒng)控制提供參考。
[Abstract]:At present, 3D molding technology is accepted by people all over the world, and the technology of converting digitized model files into biomaterials or Guang Min resin is also developing rapidly. Desktop three-dimensional molding machine has a wide range of materials, low requirements for equipment, easy to operate and so on. But the hardware of three-dimensional molding machine mainly includes motor, molding nozzle, main controller and so on. Its internal structure is complex, the stable operation of the motor and the precise control of temperature are the important links to ensure the precision of the molding products. It is of great significance to study how to improve the forming accuracy of 3D molding machine. Firstly, the whole system scheme and hardware structure of 3D molding machine are designed. Focus on the hardware and software platform of the system and part of the internal resources of the specific application in the three-dimensional molding machine, at the same time, give the overall working chain and control principle of the three-dimensional molding system, and then focus on the analysis of the stepping motor drive system. It includes the concept, characteristics and principle of the subdivision drive technology. In addition, it aims at the shortcomings of stepping motor, such as out of step or jump, and easy to produce resonance. In this paper, a subdivision drive method for constant amplitude uniform rotation of current vector is proposed. The method adopts the idea of keeping the amplitude of the current synthesis vector unchanged and changing the rotation angle uniformly. Make the current vector constant amplitude and uniform subdivision drive. The simulation results show that this method is feasible in 3D molding system compared with the usual subdivision drive method. It can not only make the five-axis motor in the system run harmoniously and stably, but also improve the forming accuracy. Secondly. The temperature of the molding nozzle has a direct effect on the material object effect of melt consumption. The temperature fluctuation of the molding nozzle has a great effect on the forming effect and even the life of the nozzle for the three-dimensional molding machine. Based on QPSO-BP neural network, the temperature prediction model of shaping nozzle is established. The optimization method uses quantum particle swarm optimization (QPSO) to optimize the initial weight and threshold of BP neural network. In order to predict the temperature trend in advance to achieve the purpose of accurate temperature control. The control effect of the algorithm is proved by Matlab simulation. Finally, in software design and experimental testing. The modeling software and slicing software used in the process of 3D molding are analyzed and the control interface is designed. After debugging the molding upper and lower machine the hunter head is actually processed on the self-developed platform. The experimental results show that the two methods proposed in this paper are verified by experiments and analyses. The roughness of the object after optimization is 0.3 mm lower than that before optimization. The method proposed in this paper can provide a reference for the control of the forming system of fine machining.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西安科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：TP18;TP311.52;TH16

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