【摘要】：饋能型半主動懸架能耗低,結(jié)構(gòu)簡單,易于實現(xiàn),既可提升車輛的動力學(xué)性能,又可將部分車身的振動能量轉(zhuǎn)化為電能,是研究的熱點之一。在傳統(tǒng)懸架基礎(chǔ)上并聯(lián)單個直線電機,構(gòu)建饋能型半主動懸架系統(tǒng),設(shè)計包含DC_DC變換器的半主動懸架控制回路,可進(jìn)行Buck和Boost兩種工作模式的切換,實時調(diào)節(jié)開關(guān)信號的占空比,實現(xiàn)電機繞組電流對參考電流的跟蹤控制,得到理想電機電磁阻尼力的輸出,達(dá)到饋能型懸架半主動控制的目的。將超級電容作為過渡儲能裝置,與半主動控制回路的輸出端相連,經(jīng)超級電容模式切換電路及穩(wěn)壓充電電路將超級電容中的電能最終儲存至車用電池中。論文的主要研究內(nèi)容如下:首先,設(shè)計了系統(tǒng)的總體方案,基于天棚加地棚的半主動控制策略搭建了懸架單輪模型,在MATLAB中對系統(tǒng)的饋能特性進(jìn)行了仿真分析,完成了儲能裝置的初步選型。分析了系統(tǒng)的阻尼特性和半主動控制回路的工作特性,得到了饋能型懸架半主動控制回路工作模式切換規(guī)律。第二,分析了硬件電路的架構(gòu),簡要敘述了控制系統(tǒng)數(shù)據(jù)處理單元dSPACE的硬件配置及軟件功能。完成了半主動控制及儲能系統(tǒng)硬件電路的設(shè)計,主要包含:半主動控制回路中電感及電路主體的設(shè)計,芯片的選型及拓展電路的設(shè)計;超級電容模式切換電路主體的設(shè)計及開關(guān)管的選型分析;穩(wěn)壓充電電路的設(shè)計及原理解析。第三,將DC_DC變換器應(yīng)用于懸架系統(tǒng),仿真分析了超級電容初始端電壓對懸架系統(tǒng)饋能效率、動力學(xué)性能的影響機理,提出了一種針對饋能型半主動懸架系統(tǒng)的超級電容模式切換的控制策略。仿真結(jié)果表明:超級電容模式切換控制策略對懸架的動力學(xué)性能無影響,但系統(tǒng)能量回收的效率平均提高了18%。第四,針對半主動控制回路中電流的控制,設(shè)計了一種模糊-PI混合控制器,并基于dSPACE進(jìn)行了試驗驗證,試驗結(jié)果表明:該控制器能夠?qū)崿F(xiàn)電路中實際電流對參考電流的精確跟蹤。最后,在單通道試驗臺上,針對正弦激勵和隨機激勵兩種輸入,研究了系統(tǒng)的被動饋能特性。將DC_DC變換器應(yīng)用于懸架系統(tǒng),分析了超級電容初始端電壓對懸架系統(tǒng)的影響,結(jié)果表明,隨著超級電容初始端電壓的增加懸架的動力學(xué)性能無明顯變化,超級電容回收能量呈先增大后減小的趨勢。
[Abstract]:Energy-fed semi-active suspension has the advantages of low energy consumption, simple structure and easy realization. It can not only improve the dynamic performance of the vehicle, but also convert the vibration energy of part of the body into electric energy. It is one of the research hotspots. Based on the traditional suspension, a single linear motor is parallel, the energy-fed semi-active suspension system is constructed, and the semi-active suspension control loop including DC_DC converter is designed, which can switch between Buck and Boost. The duty cycle of switch signal is adjusted in real time, the tracking control of motor winding current to reference current is realized, and the output of ideal motor electromagnetic damping force is obtained, so as to achieve the purpose of semi-active control of energy-fed suspension. The supercapacitor is used as the transition energy storage device, which is connected to the output of the semi-active control loop. The electric energy in the supercapacitor is finally stored in the vehicle battery through the supercapacitor mode switching circuit and the voltage stabilized charging circuit. The main research contents of this paper are as follows: firstly, the overall scheme of the system is designed, and the suspension single-wheel model is built based on the semi-active control strategy of ceiling and shed, and the energy feed characteristics of the system are simulated and analyzed in MATLAB. The preliminary selection of energy storage device is completed. The damping characteristics of the system and the working characteristics of the semi-active control loop are analyzed, and the working mode switching law of the semi-active control loop of the energy-fed suspension is obtained. Secondly, the architecture of the hardware circuit is analyzed, and the hardware configuration and software function of the data processing unit dSPACE of the control system are briefly described. The hardware circuit design of semi-active control and energy storage system is completed, including: the design of inductance and circuit main body in semi-active control loop, the selection of chip and the design of extended circuit; The design of the main body of the supercapacitor mode switching circuit and the type selection analysis of the switch tube; the design and principle analysis of the voltage stabilized charging circuit. Thirdly, the DC_DC converter is applied to the suspension system, and the influence mechanism of the initial terminal voltage of the supercapacitor on the energy feed efficiency and dynamic performance of the suspension system is simulated and analyzed. A control strategy for supercapacitor mode switching for energy-fed semi-active suspension systems is proposed. The simulation results show that the supercapacitor mode switching control strategy has no effect on the dynamic performance of the suspension, but the energy recovery efficiency of the system is increased by 18% on average. Fourth, a fuzzy-PI hybrid controller is designed for the current control in the semi-active control loop, and the experimental verification is carried out based on dSPACE. The experimental results show that the controller can accurately track the reference current in the circuit. Finally, the passive energy feeding characteristics of the system are studied on a single-channel test-bed for sinusoidal excitation and random excitation. The DC_DC converter is applied to the suspension system, and the influence of the initial terminal voltage of the supercapacitor on the suspension system is analyzed. the results show that the dynamic performance of the suspension does not change obviously with the increase of the initial terminal voltage of the supercapacitor. The energy recovery of supercapacitor increases at first and then decreases.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：江蘇大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：U463.33

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