【摘要】：本文介紹了國(guó)內(nèi)外汽車市場(chǎng)的發(fā)展趨勢(shì)與現(xiàn)況,研究了現(xiàn)代汽車車輪的具體發(fā)展形勢(shì)。在全面研究了鋁合金車輪特征的情況下,基于減少耗油量、減少材質(zhì)重量,同時(shí)也要增加車輪的使用壽命,為此總結(jié)出對(duì)此類型的車輪的設(shè)計(jì)方法,且開展產(chǎn)品性能研究,并對(duì)此問題進(jìn)行驗(yàn)證及分析。本文針對(duì)幾類鋁合金車輪的產(chǎn)品技術(shù)研發(fā)進(jìn)行了一系列探究,思考怎么在產(chǎn)品研發(fā)階段,有效地完善設(shè)計(jì)質(zhì)量,同時(shí)健全評(píng)價(jià)體系,以此研制出最佳的車輪產(chǎn)品,以此能夠有效、順利、經(jīng)濟(jì)地達(dá)到臺(tái)架試驗(yàn)的要求。本文通過課題探索,全面分析了三維設(shè)計(jì)、有限元理論及技術(shù),同時(shí)也針對(duì)優(yōu)化方案開展了一系列理論分析,且對(duì)軟件運(yùn)用進(jìn)行了深入性的調(diào)研。本文利用有限元軟件系統(tǒng)ANSYS的優(yōu)勢(shì)(如ANSYS具有開放性這一重要特性),及ANSYS軟件環(huán)境,側(cè)重深入分析鋁合金車輪產(chǎn)品在研制階段怎么最優(yōu)地開展結(jié)構(gòu)強(qiáng)度評(píng)價(jià)、優(yōu)化方案測(cè)試及使用周期評(píng)估等一系列問題,考慮到具體車輪承重工況面對(duì)的繁瑣等相關(guān)問題,針對(duì)普通汽車動(dòng)力學(xué)的模型設(shè)計(jì)方式,一般存在明顯的誤差,為此,本文針對(duì)此模型的構(gòu)建,選擇以車輪試驗(yàn)臺(tái)架載荷原理為基點(diǎn)進(jìn)行設(shè)計(jì),同時(shí)考慮車輛實(shí)際使用情況來設(shè)定分析和試驗(yàn)的載荷工況。利用軟件Pro/E對(duì)鋁合金車輪進(jìn)行了3D建模,利用ANSYS中對(duì)模型進(jìn)行強(qiáng)度分析、優(yōu)化設(shè)計(jì)等工作。在經(jīng)過一系列的分析計(jì)算后,對(duì)原設(shè)計(jì)產(chǎn)品的研究結(jié)果體現(xiàn)出:材料最大許用應(yīng)力值明顯高于鋁合金車輪的自身受力,安全系數(shù)極高,導(dǎo)致材料的浪費(fèi)。在對(duì)鋁合金車輪的輪輞、輪輻等部件進(jìn)行優(yōu)化設(shè)計(jì)后,在滿足標(biāo)準(zhǔn)要求的同時(shí),避免材質(zhì)浪費(fèi),降低重量,減少成本。完成結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)及優(yōu)化后,對(duì)樣件進(jìn)行了臺(tái)架試驗(yàn)驗(yàn)證,根據(jù)試驗(yàn)結(jié)果可看出,利用本文對(duì)于鋁合金車輪的結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)及優(yōu)化、強(qiáng)度分析等手段后,實(shí)物零件的理論性能與實(shí)際性能基本相當(dāng),可以在提升產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量的同時(shí)降低開發(fā)周期及成本。
[Abstract]:This paper introduces the development trend and present situation of automobile market at home and abroad, and studies the specific development situation of modern automobile wheel. In this paper, the characteristics of aluminum alloy wheels are studied comprehensively, based on reducing fuel consumption, reducing material weight and increasing the service life of wheels, this paper summarizes the design methods of this type of wheels, and studies the performance of the products. And this problem is verified and analyzed. In this paper, a series of researches are made on the product technology of several kinds of aluminum alloy wheels, how to improve the design quality effectively in the product development stage, and at the same time, perfect the evaluation system, so as to develop the best wheel products. This can effectively, smoothly and economically meet the requirements of the bench test. In this paper, the three-dimensional design, finite element theory and technology are analyzed, and a series of theoretical analysis are also carried out in view of the optimization scheme, and the application of the software is investigated deeply. Based on the advantages of the finite element software system ANSYS (for example, ANSYS has the important characteristic of openness) and the ANSYS software environment, this paper focuses on the in-depth analysis of how to optimize the structural strength evaluation of aluminum alloy wheel products during the development stage. A series of problems such as optimization scheme test and life cycle evaluation, considering the related problems of the specific wheel load bearing working condition and other related problems, and aiming at the model design method of ordinary automobile dynamics, generally have obvious error, so for this reason, Aiming at the construction of this model, this paper chooses the wheel test stand load principle as the base point to design, at the same time considering the actual use of the vehicle to set up the load condition of the analysis and test. The software Pro/E is used to model the aluminum alloy wheel in 3D, and the strength analysis and optimum design of the model are carried out in ANSYS. After a series of analysis and calculation, the research results of the original design product show that the maximum allowable stress value of the material is obviously higher than that of the aluminum alloy wheel, and the safety factor is extremely high, which leads to the waste of the material. After optimizing the design of wheel rim and spoke of aluminum alloy wheel, the material waste, weight and cost can be avoided while meeting the requirements of the standard. After completing the structural design and optimization, the prototype was tested and verified by bench test. According to the test results, it can be seen that the structural design and optimization of aluminum alloy wheels, strength analysis and other means are used in this paper. The theoretical performance of the physical parts is basically equivalent to the actual performance, which can improve the quality of the product and reduce the development cycle and cost at the same time.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：吉林大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號(hào)】：U463.34

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