【摘要】：隨著汽車(chē)產(chǎn)業(yè)的不斷發(fā)展,車(chē)輛噪聲的控制也越來(lái)越嚴(yán)格,傳統(tǒng)的降低聲壓級(jí)已不能滿足消費(fèi)者的要求,所以大家的關(guān)注點(diǎn)開(kāi)始轉(zhuǎn)向車(chē)輛噪聲的聲品質(zhì)上,而排氣噪聲是車(chē)輛噪聲主要的噪聲源,改善其聲品質(zhì)對(duì)于提高整車(chē)的NVH性能是至關(guān)重要的,本文把排氣噪聲作為研究對(duì)象,開(kāi)展排氣噪聲聲品質(zhì)的設(shè)計(jì),并應(yīng)用到排氣消聲器設(shè)計(jì)中來(lái)。本文首先對(duì)某車(chē)進(jìn)行排氣噪聲聲學(xué)試驗(yàn),通過(guò)采集排氣噪聲聲信號(hào),采用LMS Test.Lab中的聲品質(zhì)分析模塊Sound Diagnosis進(jìn)行排氣噪聲心理聲學(xué)參數(shù)分析和聲品質(zhì)的客觀參量的計(jì)算。分析計(jì)算了各工況下排氣噪聲的聲壓級(jí)、響度、尖銳度、粗糙度和波動(dòng)度變化情況。其次結(jié)合聲品質(zhì)綜合評(píng)價(jià)參數(shù)的結(jié)果和分析24個(gè)Bark尺度的聲功率組成,找出對(duì)排氣噪聲影響較大的幾個(gè)Bark尺度;然后通過(guò)提高不同頻段的消聲量的方法,研究聲信號(hào)頻率成分的改變對(duì)心理聲學(xué)參數(shù)的影響。研究表明:通過(guò)改變排氣噪聲某些頻率段的聲功率組成,可以改善排氣噪聲聲品質(zhì)。在轉(zhuǎn)速1000rpm、2000rpm、3000rpm時(shí),通過(guò)提高1600Hz-3200Hz頻段的消聲量,而在5000rpm時(shí),重點(diǎn)提高2400Hz-4000Hz頻段的消聲量,改善了排氣噪聲聲品質(zhì)。根據(jù)基于聲品質(zhì)評(píng)價(jià)的消聲器目標(biāo)頻譜和待改進(jìn)消聲器的排氣噪聲1/3倍頻程頻譜圖,找出兩者在不同頻段上能量的差別,確定各頻段的消聲目標(biāo),為消聲器改進(jìn)提供依據(jù)。最后分析了消聲器的消聲性能與結(jié)構(gòu)形式和參數(shù)的關(guān)系,從插入管參數(shù)、擴(kuò)張比、隔板參數(shù)和加吸聲材料入手,結(jié)合以上排氣噪聲聲品質(zhì)的結(jié)果,最終提出消聲器改進(jìn)方案。對(duì)比改進(jìn)前和改進(jìn)后的傳遞損失曲線,可以知道在中高頻的傳遞損失得到了明顯的提升,而且消除很多的通過(guò)頻率。最后進(jìn)行改進(jìn)后的消聲器試驗(yàn),對(duì)比改進(jìn)前后消聲器的聲品質(zhì)曲線,表明基于聲品質(zhì)的消聲器設(shè)計(jì)能夠使排氣噪聲的聲品質(zhì)評(píng)價(jià)指標(biāo)得到明顯的改善,再通過(guò)排氣壓力損失的計(jì)算,證明該消聲器的改進(jìn)是有效可行的。
[Abstract]:With the continuous development of the automobile industry, the control of vehicle noise is becoming more and more strict. The traditional lowering of sound pressure levels can no longer meet the requirements of consumers, so everyone's concern began to turn to the sound quality of vehicle noise. The exhaust noise is the main noise source of vehicle noise, and improving its sound quality is very important to improve the NVH performance of the whole vehicle. In this paper, the exhaust noise is taken as the research object, and the design of the sound quality of exhaust noise is carried out. It is applied to the design of exhaust muffler. In this paper, a vehicle exhaust noise acoustic test is first carried out. By collecting the exhaust noise sound signal, the sound quality analysis module Sound Diagnosis in LMS Test.Lab is used to analyze the exhaust noise psychoacoustic parameters and calculate the objective parameters of the sound quality. The variation of sound pressure level, loudness, sharpness, roughness and fluctuation of exhaust noise under various working conditions are analyzed and calculated. Secondly, combined with the result of comprehensive evaluation of sound quality and the analysis of sound power composition of 24 Bark scales, several Bark scales which have a great influence on exhaust noise are found, and then the method of increasing the noise attenuation in different frequency bands is presented. The influence of frequency components of acoustic signals on psychoacoustic parameters was studied. The results show that the sound quality of exhaust noise can be improved by changing the sound power composition of some frequency segments of exhaust noise. The sound quality of exhaust noise was improved by increasing the noise attenuation of 1600Hz-3200Hz band at the speed of 1000rpmC2000 rpm, and by increasing the silencing quantity of 2400Hz-4000Hz band at 5000rpm. According to the target spectrum of muffler based on sound quality evaluation and the frequency spectrum of 1 / 3 times frequency range of exhaust noise of the muffler to be improved, the difference of energy between them in different frequency bands is found out, and the silencing target of each frequency band is determined, which provides the basis for the improvement of muffler. Finally, the relationship between the muffler's noise performance and its structure and parameters is analyzed. Based on the parameters of the inserted tube, the expansion ratio, the partition parameter and the sound absorbing material, and the results of the sound quality of the exhaust noise, the improvement scheme of the muffler is put forward. By comparing the transmission loss curves before and after the improvement, we can see that the transmission loss in the middle and high frequency is obviously improved, and a lot of passing frequencies are eliminated. Finally, the improved muffler test is carried out, and the sound quality curve of the muffler before and after the improvement is compared, which shows that the sound quality evaluation index of exhaust noise can be obviously improved by the design of muffler based on sound quality. Through the calculation of exhaust pressure loss, it is proved that the improvement of the muffler is effective and feasible.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：江蘇大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：U464.134.4

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