本文選題：永磁同步電機 + 最大轉(zhuǎn)矩電流比　； 參考：《哈爾濱理工大學(xué)》2016年博士論文

【摘要】：電動汽車用永磁同步電機須滿足調(diào)速范圍寬、轉(zhuǎn)矩輸出能力強、可靠性好、運行效率高等要求。對于已設(shè)計好的特定電機來說,高效的驅(qū)動控制是提高電機及系統(tǒng)運行性能的關(guān)鍵。永磁同步電機可看作一個多變量、非線性、強耦合的復(fù)雜系統(tǒng),根據(jù)運行環(huán)境參數(shù)經(jīng)常發(fā)生改變,對振動及外部干擾較為敏感;驅(qū)動控制器也是一個強弱電結(jié)合的復(fù)雜系統(tǒng),不僅有大電壓、大電流的開關(guān)功率器件,也包含小信號輸入的處理器及對電磁輻射敏感的集成芯片,并且在汽車等復(fù)雜的環(huán)境中對密封、防水、防油污及抗震都有較高的要求。近年來大范圍嚴(yán)重污染及能源短缺等問題的出現(xiàn),迫使人們都在新能源汽車方面尋找突破口,因此對于永磁同步電機及其驅(qū)動控制系統(tǒng)的研究十分必要。對于內(nèi)置式永磁轉(zhuǎn)子結(jié)構(gòu)的電機來說,最大轉(zhuǎn)矩電流比控制可以有效地利用電機電感的不對稱性所產(chǎn)生的磁阻轉(zhuǎn)矩來提高電機的轉(zhuǎn)矩輸出能力。本文闡述了最大轉(zhuǎn)矩電流比控制的核心思想以及實現(xiàn)方法,進而針對該方法在實際使用過程中容易出現(xiàn)的問題加以分析,并提出了相應(yīng)的改進措施。首先,最大轉(zhuǎn)矩電流比算法是基于電流的高階、耦合方程,在應(yīng)用時通常只能采取近似測得幾個特定點的方法近似逼近理想方程;對于采用傳統(tǒng)的線性調(diào)節(jié)器調(diào)節(jié)的控制系統(tǒng)來說,如果控制量不能準(zhǔn)確解耦,則無法有效地單獨控制,從而影響控制效果;最大轉(zhuǎn)矩電流比軌跡是理想化的軌跡,是在不考慮任何干擾因素的條件下根據(jù)電機本體的設(shè)計而形成的曲線,實際運行時常常會由于各種干擾導(dǎo)致軌跡不準(zhǔn)確,因此難以保證電機高效率的運行品質(zhì),造成浪費。本文提出了一種準(zhǔn)線性解耦的方法,利用一個中間變量將電機電流部分解耦,對于改善調(diào)節(jié)器性能有很大幫助;在分析傳統(tǒng)算法抗干擾能力的基礎(chǔ)上提出了一種基于最小值尋找的動態(tài)實現(xiàn)方法,將干擾視為整體,實時尋找轉(zhuǎn)矩比電流最小的點,有利于改善系統(tǒng)的動態(tài)性能;將調(diào)節(jié)器進行了簡化設(shè)計,提高電流的調(diào)節(jié)品質(zhì)。電動汽車用電機常常被要求能夠長時間高速行駛,這就要求電機能在較寬的轉(zhuǎn)速范圍內(nèi)穩(wěn)定運行。弱磁控制是提高永磁同步電機轉(zhuǎn)速的有效方法,采用控制可以保證電機在具有一定帶負(fù)載能力的基礎(chǔ)上使電機轉(zhuǎn)速逐漸升高。本文在傳統(tǒng)弱磁區(qū)的電流軌跡控制方法的基礎(chǔ)上,提出了將最大轉(zhuǎn)矩電流比控制擴展至部分弱磁區(qū)的算法,可以提高電機在弱磁區(qū)的功率密度;針對高速區(qū)經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)的調(diào)節(jié)器飽和問題,加入了電壓指令調(diào)節(jié)算法來實時調(diào)節(jié)電壓指令避免超過矢量范圍時處理器無法識別而導(dǎo)致的錯誤;在深度弱磁區(qū)加入了過調(diào)制算法來最大限度地利用直流電壓,進一步提高電機轉(zhuǎn)速;另外,文中還分析了電機飽和失控時電流軌跡的如何移動的問題,闡述了導(dǎo)致調(diào)節(jié)器飽和的原因并給出了相應(yīng)的解決辦法。本文針對永磁同步電機在全速范圍內(nèi)的電流控制策略進行了仿真研究,搭建了相關(guān)仿真模型,結(jié)果正確的前提下又搭建了系統(tǒng)實驗平臺,并進行了臺架實驗驗證。結(jié)果表明所提出算法對于電機電流的控制效果可以達到預(yù)期目標(biāo),能夠在負(fù)載持續(xù)變化時始終控制電機電流在最優(yōu)軌跡運行,具有較好的穩(wěn)態(tài)特性和動態(tài)跟蹤性能,保證電壓利用率最大的同時,可以有效地減少調(diào)節(jié)器飽和導(dǎo)致的失控現(xiàn)象,確保電機在整個轉(zhuǎn)速范圍內(nèi)高效、穩(wěn)定運行。所提出的方法可移植性強,且又經(jīng)過實驗驗證,具有理論與工程實踐意義。
[Abstract]:The permanent magnet synchronous motor for electric vehicles must meet the requirements of wide speed range, strong torque output, good reliability and high efficiency. For the designed specific motor, high efficiency drive control is the key to improve the performance of motor and system. Permanent magnet synchronous motor can be considered as a complex system of multi variable, nonlinear and strong coupling. The system is often changed according to the operating environment parameters and is more sensitive to vibration and external interference; the drive controller is also a complex system with strong and weak electricity combination, not only has large voltage, large current switching power devices, but also contains small signal input processors and integrated circuits sensitive to electromagnetic radiation, and complex rings such as cars. It has high requirements for sealing, waterproof, oil pollution and earthquake resistance. In recent years, serious pollution and energy shortage have caused people to find a breakthrough in the new energy vehicle. Therefore, it is necessary to study the permanent magnet synchronous motor and its driving control system. The maximum torque current ratio control can effectively use the magnetoresistance torque produced by the asymmetry of the motor inductor to improve the torque output capacity of the motor. This paper describes the core idea of the maximum torque current ratio control and the realization method, and then points out the problems which are easy to appear in the process of the actual use of the method. In the first place, the maximum torque current ratio algorithm is based on the high order of the current, the coupling equation. In the application, the approximate method of approximating the ideal equation can only be approximated by the approximate method of measuring a few specific points; for the control system which is adjusted by the traditional linear regulator, if the control quantity can not be accurately decoupled, The trajectory of the maximum torque current ratio is an idealized trajectory and a curve formed according to the design of the motor body without considering any interference factors, and the track is often inaccurate due to various interference, so it is difficult to ensure the high efficiency of the motor. A quasi linear decoupling method is proposed in this paper. It is helpful to improve the performance of the regulator by using an intermediate variable to decouple the current of the motor. On the basis of analyzing the anti-interference ability of the traditional algorithm, a dynamic realization method based on the minimum value search is proposed, which is considered as a whole and real time. It is beneficial to improve the dynamic performance of the system, to improve the dynamic performance of the system, to improve the dynamic performance of the system, to simplify the design of the regulator to improve the quality of the current. The motor used for electric vehicles is often required to run for a long time, which requires that the motor can operate steadily in a wider range of speed. The effective method of rotating speed can ensure that the motor speed increases gradually on the basis of a certain load capacity. On the basis of the current path control method of the traditional weak magnetic field, this paper proposes an algorithm that extends the maximum torque current ratio control to a partial magnetic field, which can improve the power of the motor in the weak magnetic zone. Density; in view of the regulator saturation frequently occurring in the high speed area, the voltage instruction regulation algorithm is added to adjust the voltage instruction to avoid the error caused by the recognition of the processor when the voltage instruction is avoided over the vector range; the over modulation algorithm is added in the depth weakening region to maximize the DC voltage, and the motor speed is further improved; in addition, the speed of the motor is further improved. In this paper, the problem of how the current trajectory is moved when the motor is out of control is analyzed. The reasons for the regulator saturation are expounded and the corresponding solutions are given. In this paper, the current control strategy of the permanent magnet synchronous motor in the full speed range is simulated and the related simulation model is built, and the result is correct. The experimental platform of the system is built, and the experimental verification is carried out. The results show that the control effect of the proposed algorithm can reach the expected target. It can control the motor current in the optimal trajectory when the load is constantly changing. It has good steady state characteristics and dynamic tracking performance, and the maximum voltage utilization ratio is guaranteed. It can effectively reduce the loss of control caused by the regulator saturation, and ensure that the motor is efficient and stable in the whole speed range. The proposed method is highly transplantable and is verified by experiments. It is of theoretical and practical significance.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：哈爾濱理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：TM341;U469.72

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本文編號：2029592