本文選題：裝配式凸輪軸　切入點：連接工藝　出處：《吉林大學(xué)》2016年碩士論文

【摘要】：裝配式凸輪軸(也叫組合式凸輪軸),是近幾年在發(fā)動機(jī)降重減排戰(zhàn)略中出現(xiàn)的新型凸輪軸,與傳統(tǒng)凸輪軸最大的區(qū)別在于:傳統(tǒng)式凸輪軸是一個單獨的零件,而裝配式凸輪軸是由多個小零件組成的總成,這些小零件有凸輪、軸頸、頭端、尾端、信號輪、泵凸輪等,裝配式凸輪軸的形式也有很多種,比如,有的凸輪軸軸頸尺寸設(shè)計的很大,這樣的凸輪軸軸頸就要作為一個單獨的零件和凸輪一起都壓裝到軸體上,有的凸輪軸軸頸尺寸設(shè)計的很小,只需將凸輪壓裝到軸體上,然后在軸體上加工出軸頸;還有一種情況:凸輪軸的大部分凸輪鑄造在軸體上,有特殊要求的凸輪(通常是對壓應(yīng)力有特殊要求的凸輪)壓裝到軸體上,這些都屬于裝配式凸輪軸的范疇,通常,裝配式凸輪軸定義為:凸輪軸的旋轉(zhuǎn)部件與管件采用某種連接技術(shù)進(jìn)行連接的凸輪軸。凸輪軸是發(fā)動機(jī)配氣機(jī)構(gòu)的關(guān)鍵零部件,凸輪軸是一根細(xì)長軸,在軸體上有若干個凸輪、軸頸、信號盤、齒輪等,安裝在缸蓋的氣門室里,凸輪軸的失效形式主要是凸輪表面出現(xiàn)點蝕、劃傷、凸輪相位角變化(只有裝配式凸輪軸會出現(xiàn))及快速磨損,如果凸輪出現(xiàn)這些失效形式,會使氣門開閉規(guī)律失常,會出現(xiàn)進(jìn)氣不足、排氣不凈等一系列的問題,影響發(fā)動機(jī)正常運轉(zhuǎn),因此,凸輪軸應(yīng)具有足夠大的強(qiáng)度和韌性,凸輪與軸體之間要具有足夠的連接強(qiáng)度。傳統(tǒng)工藝制造的凸輪軸制造成本高、生產(chǎn)效率低、能源消耗大、工人勞動強(qiáng)度高等缺點已經(jīng)追不上凸輪軸設(shè)計的發(fā)展速度,尤其是近幾年VVL(可變氣門升程)技術(shù)的成熟,凸輪的厚度變窄,外形復(fù)雜程度增加,對凸輪軸的整體結(jié)構(gòu)幾乎重新定義,傳統(tǒng)工藝已經(jīng)無法滿足,裝配式凸輪軸的變革是一個必然趨勢,裝配式凸輪軸采用新穎的構(gòu)思,將軸凸輪與軸體分開準(zhǔn)備,最后采用組裝工藝結(jié)合為一體,在降重、材料,尤其是機(jī)械加工成本,無論是能源成本、人工成本還是設(shè)備成本等方面都有顯著的優(yōu)勢。本文主要研究了國內(nèi)現(xiàn)在使用的幾種裝配式凸輪軸的制造工藝,客觀的闡述這些制造工藝各自的優(yōu)缺點以及在生產(chǎn)中存在的問題與風(fēng)險;在制造工藝的闡述中,也對目前國內(nèi)外發(fā)動機(jī)凸輪軸的形式以及結(jié)構(gòu)進(jìn)行了認(rèn)識性的分析;最后,結(jié)合一汽轎車CA3GA發(fā)動機(jī)凸輪軸對裝配式凸輪軸的熱壓工藝進(jìn)行了詳細(xì)的分析試驗。
[Abstract]:Assembly camshaft (also known as combined camshaft) is a new type of camshaft that has appeared in engine weight reduction and emission reduction strategy in recent years. The biggest difference from traditional camshaft is that traditional camshaft is a separate part.The assembly camshaft is composed of several small parts, such as cam, journal, head end, tail end, signal wheel, pump cam, etc. There are many kinds of assembly camshaft, for example,Some camshaft necks are designed to be very large in size, and such camshaft necks are pressed onto the shaft body as a separate part and cams, and some camshaft necks are designed to be small enough to press the camshaft onto the shaft body.The journal is then machined on the shaft; in another case, most cams of the camshaft are cast on the shaft, and the cam with special requirements (usually one that has a special requirement for compressive stress) is pressed onto the shaft.These all belong to the category of assembly camshaft, usually, assembly camshaft is defined as camshaft which is connected by some connection technology between camshaft rotating parts and pipe fittings.Camshaft is the key part of engine valve mechanism, camshaft is a slender shaft, there are a number of cams, journal, signal disk, gear, etc., which are installed in the valve chamber of cylinder head.The failure forms of camshaft are mainly pitting, scratching on the surface of cam, change of cam phase angle (only assembled camshaft will appear) and rapid wear. If the cam appears these failure forms, the opening and closing of valve will be disturbed.There will be a series of problems, such as air intake insufficiency and exhaust impurity, which will affect the normal operation of the engine. Therefore, the camshaft should have enough strength and toughness and sufficient connection strength between the cam and shaft body.The manufacturing cost of camshaft manufactured by traditional technology is high, the production efficiency is low, the energy consumption is large, the labor intensity of workers is high and so on. The development speed of camshaft design has been unable to catch up, especially the VVLV (variable valve lift) technology has matured in recent years.The thickness of cam becomes narrower, the shape complexity increases, the whole structure of camshaft is almost redefined, the traditional technology can not be satisfied, the change of assembly camshaft is an inevitable trend, and the assembly camshaft adopts novel conception.The shaft cam is prepared separately from the shaft body, and the assembly process is used to combine it. It has obvious advantages in weight reduction, material cost, especially machining cost, whether energy cost, labor cost or equipment cost, etc.This paper mainly studies the manufacturing technology of several kinds of assembly camshaft used in our country, and objectively expounds the advantages and disadvantages of these manufacturing processes and the problems and risks existing in the production.The form and structure of camshaft at home and abroad are also analyzed. Finally, combined with FAW CA3GA engine camshaft, the hot pressing technology of assembled camshaft is analyzed and tested in detail.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：吉林大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：U464.134.1

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