本文關(guān)鍵詞：不同土地利用方式下南非林波波省與中國吉林省土壤化學(xué)養(yǎng)分與腐殖物質(zhì)的差異

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【摘要】：土地利用方式的改變會(huì)對(duì)增加土壤有機(jī)質(zhì)含量產(chǎn)生影響,有研究表明,在農(nóng)業(yè)可持續(xù)性管理方面,土壤腐殖質(zhì)各組分的數(shù)據(jù)的變化在指示不同土地利用方式對(duì)總有機(jī)碳含量的影響方面更有效。因此,有必要尋找合適的方法對(duì)土地進(jìn)行持續(xù)管理,以增加作物產(chǎn)量。本研究的目的是要對(duì)比森林,草地和耕作土壤三種土地利用方式中,土壤化學(xué)性質(zhì)和腐殖質(zhì)組成的差異。分析所用的土壤分別采自南非林波波省和中國的吉林省,采自南非的土壤為以下三種利用方式：受保護(hù)森林(CF),耕作土壤和草地,其中耕作土壤分別為紅土耕地(RLC)和黑土耕地(BLC),草地分別為黑土草地(BGL)和紅土草地(RGL)。采集深度分別為0-7.5cm和7.5-20cm；采集自中國的土壤為耕作土壤和草地兩種利用方式,耕作土壤采用兩種處理：對(duì)照處理(CK)和秸稈還田(CF),采集深度分別為0-20cm,20-40cm；隨后對(duì)采集的土壤樣本進(jìn)行實(shí)驗(yàn)分析：利用NaOH對(duì)腐殖物質(zhì)進(jìn)行提取、提純、滲析,土壤中腐殖物質(zhì)分別為HA、FA、Hu,并對(duì)其進(jìn)行紅外光譜和元素組成的測(cè)定。采自南非的土壤分析結(jié)果表明：土壤類型與土壤化學(xué)性質(zhì)和腐殖質(zhì)組成有關(guān),在草地生態(tài)系統(tǒng)和耕地系統(tǒng)中,黑土的土壤化學(xué)性質(zhì)和腐殖質(zhì)含量都比紅土要好。不同土地利用方式和不同深度對(duì)于土壤有機(jī)碳含量也有重要的影響。黑土HA中的碳含量比紅壤中高,紅壤耕地土壤中,HA的O/C和H/C比值更高。就表層土壤HA中2920/1720比值和2920/1620比值來說,黑土耕地土壤紅壤耕地土壤黑土草地土。研究結(jié)果表明：相較于草地和耕作土地,森林土壤中有機(jī)碳,胡敏酸和富里酸含量更高。胡敏酸中C、H和N的含量都表現(xiàn)為保護(hù)森林草地耕地。相較其他兩種土地利用方式耕地中HA的O/C比值更高,保護(hù)森林中H/C比值更高。對(duì)取自中國吉林省的土壤進(jìn)行分析,其結(jié)果顯示：相較于耕地土壤,草地土中腐殖質(zhì)含量更高,且秸稈深還的改良措施能增加土壤中有機(jī)質(zhì)的含量,增加有機(jī)碳和腐殖質(zhì)含量�？偟膩碚f,秸稈深還的方式有利于增加土壤肥力,對(duì)照試驗(yàn)與秸稈深還處理的HA中,C和H的含量以及O/C比值并無明顯變化,但對(duì)照試驗(yàn)HA的N含量比秸稈深還處理的土壤要高。對(duì)照試驗(yàn)HA中2920/1720的比值較高,即其氧化程度更高；秸稈深還處理的土壤HA中2920/1620的比值更高,即其縮合度更高。將兩個(gè)國家的黑土進(jìn)行對(duì)比,結(jié)果顯示在化學(xué)性質(zhì)和腐殖物質(zhì)組成上都有區(qū)別。耕地和草地兩種利用方式中,非洲黑土的可溶性有機(jī)碳總量、胡敏酸和胡敏素以及PQ值都高于中國吉林省的黑土。無論采取何種耕作方式,腐殖質(zhì)各組分中碳含量的順序均表現(xiàn)為：HuHAFA。對(duì)比兩個(gè)國家的耕作土壤,吉林省的黑土HA的結(jié)構(gòu)中C含量更高,O含量和H含量更低,H/C比值更低。就吉林省黑土而言,經(jīng)秸稈還田處理的土壤,其C含量,H含量以及H/C比值高于對(duì)照試驗(yàn),O含量低于對(duì)照試驗(yàn)。
【關(guān)鍵詞】：土壤有機(jī)碳 腐殖質(zhì)組成 胡敏酸 富里酸 胡敏素 土地利用
【學(xué)位授予單位】：吉林農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號(hào)】：S158
【目錄】：

• 摘要4-6
• Abstract6-15
• List of abbreviations15-16
• 1 INTRODUCTION 116-19
• 1.1 Background16-18
• 1.2 Objectives of the Study18
• 1.3 Hypotheses to be tested18
• 1.4 Research questions18-19
• 2 LITERATURE REVIEW 419-33
• 2.1 Outline of soils organic carbon researches in South Africa19-20
• 2.2 Soil SOC and humic substances studies international20-29
• 2.2.1 Soil organic matter20-23
• 2.2.1.1 The importance of Soil Organic Matter (SOM) in soil20-21
• 2.2.1.2 Contributors to soil organic matter (SOM) formation21-22
• 2.2.1.3 The decomposition of soil organic matter (SOM)22-23
• 2.2.2 Importance of Humus in soil23-27
• 2.2.2.1 Humus effect on microbial and enzyme actions25-26
• 2.2.2.2 Humus effect on plant growth26
• 2.2.2.3 Humus effect on nutrient uptake26-27
• 2.2.3 Techniques of studying soil organic matter27-29
• 2.2.3.1 Degraded method of humic substances analysis27-28
• 2.2.3.2 Non-degraded methods of humic substances analysis28-29
• 2.3 Land use and management effects on soil organic matter29-32
• 2.3.1 Land use practices29-30
• 2.3.2 Land management practices30-32
• 2.4 Purpose and significance of the study32-33
• 3 MATERIALS AND METHODS 1833-40
• 3.1 Site description33-36
• 3.1.1 Soils from South Africa33-35
• 3.1.1.1 Site information33-34
• 3.1.1.2 Soil Sampling34-35
• 3.1.2 Soils from China35-36
• 3.1.2.1 Site information35
• 3.1.2.2 Soil Sampling35-36
• 3.2 Soil Analysis36-39
• 3.2.1 Determination of basic properties of soil36-37
• 3.2.2 Humus extracts component37-38
• 3.2.3 Humic substances structural characterization38-39
• 3.2.3.1 Optical properties (ΔlogK)38
• 3.2.3.2 Elemental composition analysis (elemental analysis)38
• 3.2.3.3 Infrared spectroscopy (IR)38-39
• 3.3 Data analysis39-40
• 4 RESULTS 2540-68
• 4.1 Soils from South Africa40-54
• 4.1.1 Land use and soil type effects on selected soil properties40-43
• 4.1.1.1 Soil type effects on selected soil properties40-42
• 4.1.1.2 Land use effects on selected soil properties42-43
• 4.1.2 Land use and soil type effects on SOC43-44
• 4.1.2.1 Soil type effects on SOC content of the soil43
• 4.1.2.2 Land use effects on SOC content of black soils43-44
• 4.1.3 Land use and soil type effects on soil humus composition44-48
• 4.1.3.1 Soil type effects on soil humus composition44-45
• 4.1.3.2 Land use effects on humus composition of black soils45-46
• 4.1.3.3 The PQ value (%) of varying land use and soil types46-48
• 4.1.4 Land use and soil type effects on soil structural characteristics of HA and FA48-54
• 4.1.4.1 Structural characteristics of varied with soil types48-50
• 4.1.4.2 Land use effects on structural characteristics of black soil50-54
• 4.2 Soils from China54-63
• 4.2.1 Land use and corn stover incorporation effects on selected properties of black soils54-56
• 4.2.1.1 Land use effects on selected properties of black soil54-55
• 4.2.1.2 Corn stover incorporation effects on selected properties of black soil55-56
• 4.2.2 Land use and corn stover incorporation effects on organic carbon soils of black56-57
• 4.2.2.1 Land use effect on the soil organic carbon (SOC)56-57
• 4.2.2.2 Corn stover incorporation effects on soil organic carbon (SOC)57
• 4.2.3 Land use and corn stover incorporation on humus composition (HA、FA、Hu、PQ)57-60
• 4.2.3.1 Land use effects on humus composition57-58
• 4.2.3.2 Corn stover incorporation effects on humus composition58
• 4.2.3.3 Land use and corn stover incorporation effect on PQ value58-60
• 4.2.4 Land use and deep incorporation of corn stover effects on soil structural characteristics of HA and FA60-63
• 4.2.4.1 Land use effects on structural characteristics of HA60-63
• 4.3 Comparisons of chemical properties and humic substances in black soils from South Africa and China63-68
• 4.3.1 Cultivated soils63-65
• 4.3.1.1 Comparisons of selected properties of black cultivated soils from two regions63
• 4.3.1.2 Comparisons of humus fractions of black cultivated soils from two regions63-64
• 4.3.1.3 Comparisons of humus structural characteristics black cultivated soils from two regions64-65
• 4.3.2 Grassland soils65-68
• 4.3.2.1 Comparisons of selected properties black grassland soils from two regions65-66
• 4.3.2.2 Comparison of humus fractions black cultivated soils from two regions66-67
• 4.3.2.3 Comparison of humus structural characteristics black cultivated soils from two regions67-68
• 5 DISCUSSIONS 5368-81
• 5.1 Land use and soil type effects on chemical properties and humic substances soils from South Africa68-75
• 5.2 Land use and stover incorporation effects on chemical properties and humic substances on black soils from China75-78
• 5.3 Comparisons of chemical properties and humic substances in black soils from South Africa and China78-81
• 6 CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS81-83
• REFERENCES83-99
• 作者簡介99-100
• ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS100

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本文編號(hào)：926140