變性土具有獨特的礦物、形態(tài),黏粒含量以及理化特征。這些特性的存在會使變性土有問題或不適合農(nóng)業(yè)可持續(xù)發(fā)展。然而,在世界各地,變性土被用作耕地,被認為是可持續(xù)發(fā)展農(nóng)業(yè)的重要資源。中國華北的砂姜黑土是典型的低產(chǎn)土壤,它具有變性土的特性,含有大量蒙脫石粘粒。特殊的黏土礦物組成和高粘粒含量會導致土壤耕作艱難及其物理特征變差,還將直接影響其他土壤特性和作物產(chǎn)量。作為中國華北重要的土壤資源,需從土壤的、土壤物理力學等闡明土壤不良性質導致的土壤低產(chǎn)原因,并探索土壤改良技術,為低產(chǎn)土壤改良和促進土壤持續(xù)生產(chǎn)力提供科學依據(jù)。主要研究結果如下1)粘土礦物的礦物學研究粘粒礦物在土壤養(yǎng)分的循環(huán)、物理化學性質、土體的形成和污染物的遷移方面有重要的作用。為了更好地理解這些土壤過程和功能的復雜性,利用納米Zetasizer、X-射線衍射（XRD）、高分辯透射電子顯微鏡（HRTEM）等技術對黏土礦物的粒度分布（PSD）、礦物學組成、形態(tài)和晶格條紋等進行了研究。粒徑分析值顯示,研究剖面的粘土礦物的粒度大小呈正態(tài)分布和單峰分布的狀態(tài),粘土礦物的尺寸從納米到微生米尺度。粘土礦物的XRD分析顯示,黏土礦物組成以蒙脫石、蛭石及高... 

【文章來源】：浙江大學浙江省 211工程院校 985工程院校 教育部直屬院校

【文章頁數(shù)】：168 頁

【學位級別】：博士

【文章目錄】：
Acknowledgements
Abstract
摘要
Chapter 1 General introduction and literature review
    1.1. Introduction to vertic soils
    1.2. Occurrence and distribution
    1.3. Chinese Vertiosls
    1.4. General characteristics of vertic soils
        1.4.1. Mineralogical characteristics of vertic soils
        1.4.2. Chemical characteristics of vertic soils
        1.4.3. Physical characteristics of vertic soils
        1.4.4. Mechanical characteristics of vertic soils
    1.5. Choice of amendments for the improvement of vertic soils
        1.5.1. Biochar as an amendment
        1.5.2. Coal fly ash as amendment
        1.5.3. Wastewater sludge as an amendment
    1.6. Conclusion and overall objectives of the study
Chapter 2 Characterization of clay mineralogy of vertic soils of Northern China
    2.1. Introduction
    2.2. Materials and Methods
        2.2.1. Soil sampling and determination of soil basic properties
        2.2.2. Fractionation for<0.002mm clay minerals
        2.2.3. Particle size distribution (PSD) of clay minerals
        2.2.4. XRD analysis for clay minerals
        2.2.5. TEM and HRTEM analysis
    2.3. Results
        2.3.1. Basic properties and fractionation of studied profiles
        2.3.2. Particle size distribution (PSD)
        2.3.3. Mineral distribution of vertic soils of Northern China along the depth
        2.3.4. Clay mineralogy identified by XRD
        2.3.5. Morphology, chemical composition and lattice structure of clay minerals characterized by HRTEM
    2.4. Discussion
        2.4.1. Fractionation and particles size distribution (PSD) characteristics of clay minerals
        2.4.2. Mineralogical characteristics of vertic soils
        2.4.3. TEM study and morphological characteristics of clay minerals
    2.5. Conclusions
Chapter 3 Mechanical and physical properties and cracking characteristics of vertic soils of Northern China
    3.1. Introduction
    3.2. Materials and Methods
        3.2.1. Soil description and experiment layout
        3.2.2. Particle size distribution (PSD) of soil
        3.2.3. Determination of soil mechanical and physical properties
            3.2.3.1. Coefficient of linear extensibility (COLE)
            3.2.3.2. Soil strength (Tensile and Shear strength)
        3.2.5. Soil cracking analysis
        3.2.6. Statistical analysis
    3.3. Results
        3.3.1. Basic properties of studied profiles
        3.3.2. Mechanical and physical properties(COLE,Tensile Strength and Shear strength)
        3.3.4. Soil Cracking
        3.3.6. Principal component analysis
        3.3.7. Effect of temperature,water contents and amendments on cracking of vertic soils
    3.4. Discussion
        3.4.1. Physical properties and COLE
        3.4.2. Mechanical strength of studied profiles
        3.4.3. Cracking characteristics of studied profiles
        3.4.4. Effect of temperature and water contents on the cracking and improving the cracking capacity of vertic soils due to amendments
    3.5. Conclusions
Chapter 4 Porosity and pore size distribution of vertic soils of Northern China and correlation to soil organicmatter
    4.1. Introduction
    4.2. Materials and Methods
        4.2.1. Soils
        4.2.2. Nitrogen adsorption(NA)
        4.2.3. Mercury intrusion porosimetry(MIP)
        4.2.4. Organic matter removal
    4.3 Results
        4.3.1. Basic properties of three vertic soils
        4.3.2. Soil porosity and pore size distribution of six profiles of Northern China
        4.3.3. Porosity analysis of three vertic soils before and after of organic removal
            4.3.3.1. Nitrogen adsorption isotherms
            4.3.3.2. Pore size distribution based on nitrogen adsorption
            4.3.3.3. Pore size distribution based on MIP
            4.3.3.4. Effect of organic matter on pore structure
    4.4. Discussion
        4.4.1. Porosity and pore size distribution of six profiles
        4.4.2. Pore structure of vertic soils before and after organic matter removal
            4.4.2.1. Comparison of the NA and MIP methods
            4.4.2.2. Role of organic matter in the soil pore formation
    4.5 Conclusions
Chapter 5 Improvement of mechanical and physical properties of vertic soils
    5.1. Introduction
    5.2. Materials and Methods
        5.2.1. Soil description and experiment details
        5.2.2. Soil physical and chemical properties analysis
        5.2.3. Determination of consistency limits
        5.2.4. Determination of COLE
        5.2.5. Determination of tensile strength and shear strength
        5.2.6. Determination of swelling potential and swelling pressure
        5.2.7. Statistical analysis
    5.4. Results
        5.4.1. Effect of amendments on the consistency limit of vertic soil
        5.4.2. Effect of amendments on the COLE
        5.4.3. Effect of amendments on the strength (tensile and shear strength) of vertic soil
        5.4.4. Effect of amendments on the swelling potential (SP) and swelling pressure (SPr)
        5.4.5. Correlation among the studied physical parameters
    5.5. Discussion
        5.5.1. Improvement in the consistency limit and COLE
        5.5.2. Improvement in the tensile and shear strengths
        5.5.3. Improvement in the swelling potential and swelling pressure
    5.6. Conclusions
Chapter 6 Major conclusions and perspectives
    6.1 Major findings
    6.2 Future challenges and recommendations
References


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