長期秸稈還田和化肥施用配合對小麥和玉米田土壤有機(jī)碳儲量和碳足跡的影響
發(fā)布時間：2021-08-08 18:55
土壤碳庫是全球所有陸地生態(tài)系統(tǒng)中的最大碳庫,土壤有機(jī)碳庫（SOC）是其中最重要的碳庫之一。由于全球變暖在加速,因而SOC儲量的動態(tài)變化及土壤在長期累積和固持大氣CO2中所發(fā)揮的巨大作用愈加受到人們關(guān)注。雖然農(nóng)業(yè)土壤中SOC儲量僅占全球土壤碳庫的10%左右,但農(nóng)業(yè)土壤中SOC固持對于農(nóng)田肥力提升、作物生產(chǎn)力可持續(xù)性和氣候變化緩解具有至關(guān)重要的作用。大量研究發(fā)現(xiàn),農(nóng)田SOC固持除受種植制度、耕作方法等影響外,還受肥料施用、作物殘茬管理等養(yǎng)分管理措施的強(qiáng)烈影響。目前我國北方平原地區(qū)糧食生產(chǎn)中有機(jī)肥施用越來越少,該地區(qū)水熱條件優(yōu)越有利于秸稈腐解,因而秸稈還田已成為這些地區(qū)糧食種植體系尤其是冬小麥夏玉米一年二熟輪作體系（麥玉輪作體系）中普遍實(shí)行的主導(dǎo)性作物殘?bào)w管理措施。然而,不適當(dāng)?shù)慕斩掃�田與施肥相配合措施會增加溫室氣體排放,減少SOC固存并增加碳足跡（CFP）,影響土壤肥力改善和加劇氣候變化;同時增加旱地SOC儲量一直是一種巨大挑戰(zhàn),而且關(guān)于秸稈長期還田對SOC固持效應(yīng)的研究結(jié)果存在的爭議也有待人們不斷去闡明。鑒于此,本文主要圍繞長期秸稈還田與化肥尤其是氮肥施用相配合措施...
【文章來源】：西北農(nóng)林科技大學(xué)陜西省 211工程院校 985工程院校 教育部直屬院校
【文章頁數(shù)】：161 頁
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【文章目錄】：
摘要
ABSTRACT
1.Introduction and Review of Literature
1.1 Research Background
1.2 Review of Literature
1.2.1 Soil organic carbon and sequestration rate
1.2.2 Agriculture and GHG emissions
1.3 Summary
2.Research Contents and Ideas
2.1 Background
2.2 Research Contents
2.3 Technical route
3.Effects of Long-term Straw Return on Soil Organic Carbon Storage and Sequestration Rate in North China Upland Crops:a Meta-analysis
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Materials and Methods
3.2.1 Data collection
3.2.2 Data analysis
3.2.3 Meta-analysis
3.2.4 Statistical analysis
3.3 Results
3.3.1 Crop yields in different cropping systems
3.3.2 Response ratios of SOC stocks under different fertilizer treatments
3.3.3 Response ratios of SOC stocks in different soil types
3.3.4 SOC stock response in different cropping systems
3.3.5 Effect of experiment durations on SOC stocks
3.3.6 Relationships between SOC sequestration rates and annual C inputs from straw
3.4 Discussion
3.4.1 Straw and fertilizer management effects on SOC stocks
3.4.2 Response ratios of SOC stocks in different soil types
3.4.3 Crop rotation systems,SOC stocks,and crop yields
3.4.4 SOC stock responses and experimental durations
3.5 Summary
4.Effect of Different Long-term Straw Return Modes on Soil Organic Carbon Contents and Carbon Footprint in Annual Wheat–Maize Rotation System
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Materials and Methods
4.2.1 Study site
4.2.2 Experimental design
4.2.3 Data collection
4.2.4 Measurement of crop biomass and yield and estimation of cumulative plant-derived carbon input
4.2.5 Soil organic carbon storage and sequestration rate
4.2.6 Calculation of CFP and the system boundary
4.2.7 Statistical analysis
4.3 Results
4.3.1 Plant-derived C input, ΔSOC,and SOC sequestration rate
4.3.2 GHG emissions from different agricultural inputs
4.3.3 Effects of different long-term straw-return modes on grain yield and CFP
4.4 Discussion
4.4.1 SOC sequestration potential of different straw-return modes
4.4.2 Effect of straw return management and seasonal differences on GHG emissions
4.4.3 Crop yield and carbon footprint
4.4.4 Implications of different straw management strategies at the regional scale
4.5 Summary
5.Long-term Effect of Different Nitrogen Fertilizer Rates on Soil Organic Carbon Storage and Carbon Footprint in Annual Wheat–Maize Rotation System
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Materials and Methods
5.2.1 Study site
5.2.2 Experimental design
5.2.3 Data collection
5.2.4 Crop biomass,yield measurement and cumulative plant-derived carbon input estimation
5.2.5 Soil organic carbon stock and sequestration rate
5.2.6 Calculation of carbon footprint and the system boundary
5.2.7 Statistical analysis
5.3 Results
5.3.1 Plant-derived C input and SOC change
5.3.2 GHG emissions from different N-fertilizer rates
5.3.3 Effect of different N-fertilizer rates on grain yield and CFP
5.4 Discussion
5.4.1 N input rate and SOC sequestration potential
5.4.2 N fertilizer contribution on GHGs emission
5.4.3 N fertilizer effect on grain yield and CFP
5.5 Summary
6.Comprehensive Discussions,Main Conclusions,Innovations and Research Perspectives
6.1 Comprehensive discussions
6.2 Main conclusions
6.3 Innovative points of the study
6.4 Study perspectives
References
Appendices
Acknowledgements
Self-introduction(簡介)
【參考文獻(xiàn)】：
期刊論文
[1]長期施肥對黃壤有機(jī)碳平衡及玉米產(chǎn)量的影響[J]. 張雅蓉,李渝,劉彥伶,張文安,蔣太明. 土壤學(xué)報(bào). 2016(05)
[2]Determination of optimum nitrogen application rates in Zhejiang Province, China, based on rice yields and ecological security[J]. LI Yan,CHEN Yi,WU Chun-yan,TANG Xu,JI Xiao-jiang. Journal of Integrative Agriculture. 2015(12)
[3]中國農(nóng)田管理土壤碳匯估算[J]. 金琳,李玉娥,高清竹,劉運(yùn)通,萬運(yùn)帆,秦曉波,石鋒. 中國農(nóng)業(yè)科學(xué). 2008(03)
[4]長期定量施肥對土壤有機(jī)碳儲量和土壤呼吸影響[J]. 孟磊,丁維新,蔡祖聰,欽繩武. 地球科學(xué)進(jìn)展. 2005(06)
[5]Ammonia Volatilization and Denitrilfication Losses from an Irrigated Maize-Wheat Rotation Field in the North China Plain[J]. R.EDIS. Pedosphere. 2004(04)
[6]生物有機(jī)肥對作物生長、土壤肥力及產(chǎn)量的效應(yīng)研究[J]. 王立剛,李維炯,邱建軍,馬永良,王迎春. 土壤肥料. 2004(05)
本文編號：3330498
【文章來源】：西北農(nóng)林科技大學(xué)陜西省 211工程院校 985工程院校 教育部直屬院校
【文章頁數(shù)】：161 頁
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【文章目錄】：
摘要
ABSTRACT
1.Introduction and Review of Literature
1.1 Research Background
1.2 Review of Literature
1.2.1 Soil organic carbon and sequestration rate
1.2.2 Agriculture and GHG emissions
1.3 Summary
2.Research Contents and Ideas
2.1 Background
2.2 Research Contents
2.3 Technical route
3.Effects of Long-term Straw Return on Soil Organic Carbon Storage and Sequestration Rate in North China Upland Crops:a Meta-analysis
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Materials and Methods
3.2.1 Data collection
3.2.2 Data analysis
3.2.3 Meta-analysis
3.2.4 Statistical analysis
3.3 Results
3.3.1 Crop yields in different cropping systems
3.3.2 Response ratios of SOC stocks under different fertilizer treatments
3.3.3 Response ratios of SOC stocks in different soil types
3.3.4 SOC stock response in different cropping systems
3.3.5 Effect of experiment durations on SOC stocks
3.3.6 Relationships between SOC sequestration rates and annual C inputs from straw
3.4 Discussion
3.4.1 Straw and fertilizer management effects on SOC stocks
3.4.2 Response ratios of SOC stocks in different soil types
3.4.3 Crop rotation systems,SOC stocks,and crop yields
3.4.4 SOC stock responses and experimental durations
3.5 Summary
4.Effect of Different Long-term Straw Return Modes on Soil Organic Carbon Contents and Carbon Footprint in Annual Wheat–Maize Rotation System
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Materials and Methods
4.2.1 Study site
4.2.2 Experimental design
4.2.3 Data collection
4.2.4 Measurement of crop biomass and yield and estimation of cumulative plant-derived carbon input
4.2.5 Soil organic carbon storage and sequestration rate
4.2.6 Calculation of CFP and the system boundary
4.2.7 Statistical analysis
4.3 Results
4.3.1 Plant-derived C input, ΔSOC,and SOC sequestration rate
4.3.2 GHG emissions from different agricultural inputs
4.3.3 Effects of different long-term straw-return modes on grain yield and CFP
4.4 Discussion
4.4.1 SOC sequestration potential of different straw-return modes
4.4.2 Effect of straw return management and seasonal differences on GHG emissions
4.4.3 Crop yield and carbon footprint
4.4.4 Implications of different straw management strategies at the regional scale
4.5 Summary
5.Long-term Effect of Different Nitrogen Fertilizer Rates on Soil Organic Carbon Storage and Carbon Footprint in Annual Wheat–Maize Rotation System
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Materials and Methods
5.2.1 Study site
5.2.2 Experimental design
5.2.3 Data collection
5.2.4 Crop biomass,yield measurement and cumulative plant-derived carbon input estimation
5.2.5 Soil organic carbon stock and sequestration rate
5.2.6 Calculation of carbon footprint and the system boundary
5.2.7 Statistical analysis
5.3 Results
5.3.1 Plant-derived C input and SOC change
5.3.2 GHG emissions from different N-fertilizer rates
5.3.3 Effect of different N-fertilizer rates on grain yield and CFP
5.4 Discussion
5.4.1 N input rate and SOC sequestration potential
5.4.2 N fertilizer contribution on GHGs emission
5.4.3 N fertilizer effect on grain yield and CFP
5.5 Summary
6.Comprehensive Discussions,Main Conclusions,Innovations and Research Perspectives
6.1 Comprehensive discussions
6.2 Main conclusions
6.3 Innovative points of the study
6.4 Study perspectives
References
Appendices
Acknowledgements
Self-introduction(簡介)
【參考文獻(xiàn)】：
期刊論文
[1]長期施肥對黃壤有機(jī)碳平衡及玉米產(chǎn)量的影響[J]. 張雅蓉,李渝,劉彥伶,張文安,蔣太明. 土壤學(xué)報(bào). 2016(05)
[2]Determination of optimum nitrogen application rates in Zhejiang Province, China, based on rice yields and ecological security[J]. LI Yan,CHEN Yi,WU Chun-yan,TANG Xu,JI Xiao-jiang. Journal of Integrative Agriculture. 2015(12)
[3]中國農(nóng)田管理土壤碳匯估算[J]. 金琳,李玉娥,高清竹,劉運(yùn)通,萬運(yùn)帆,秦曉波,石鋒. 中國農(nóng)業(yè)科學(xué). 2008(03)
[4]長期定量施肥對土壤有機(jī)碳儲量和土壤呼吸影響[J]. 孟磊,丁維新,蔡祖聰,欽繩武. 地球科學(xué)進(jìn)展. 2005(06)
[5]Ammonia Volatilization and Denitrilfication Losses from an Irrigated Maize-Wheat Rotation Field in the North China Plain[J]. R.EDIS. Pedosphere. 2004(04)
[6]生物有機(jī)肥對作物生長、土壤肥力及產(chǎn)量的效應(yīng)研究[J]. 王立剛,李維炯,邱建軍,馬永良,王迎春. 土壤肥料. 2004(05)
本文編號：3330498
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