【摘要】：土壤微生物在生物地球化學(xué)循環(huán)中起著關(guān)鍵作用。氮沉降、生物炭及經(jīng)營方式會影響土壤微生物的數(shù)量和多樣性,進(jìn)而影響土壤的物質(zhì)循環(huán)和能量流動。因此,本文利用高通量技術(shù)研究了不同梯度的生物炭(0 t ha~(-1),BC0,20 t ha~(-1),BC20和40 t ha~(-1),BC40)和氮沉降(0,30,60和90 kg N ha~(-1 )yr~(-1))對不同經(jīng)營方式毛竹林土壤微生物生物量和多樣性的影響。主要研究結(jié)果:(1)與粗放經(jīng)營相比,集約經(jīng)營方式下毛竹林的土壤微生物生物量碳和微生物多樣性顯著降低。集約經(jīng)營下的Actinobacteria和Proteobacteria的相對豐度顯著高于粗放經(jīng)營。(2)氮沉降增加了土壤微生物生物量碳(MBC),降低了土壤微生物多樣性,改變了土壤細(xì)菌結(jié)構(gòu)。毛竹林的MBC隨著氮沉降的增加呈現(xiàn)先增加后減少的趨勢。高氮處理(N90)顯著降低了土壤微生物多樣性(P0.05),增加了Proteobacteria和Crenarchaeota相對豐度,降低了Acidobacteria和Verrucomicrobia相對豐度。(3)BC20顯著增加了MBC和土壤微生物多樣性(P0.05),而BC40顯著降低了MBC,但對土壤微生物多樣性沒有顯著影響。(4)添加生物炭降低了氮沉降對毛竹林土壤MBC的積極作用,緩解了氮沉降對土壤細(xì)菌多樣性的消極作用。與未施加生物炭相比,BC20與氮沉降復(fù)合作用的MBC降低了6.9%-25.7%,多樣性增加了5.9%-9.7%。(5)土壤微生物群落變化與土壤理化性質(zhì)密切相關(guān)。毛竹林土壤MBC與土壤p H顯著相關(guān),而微生物多樣性與土壤全氮(TN)、碳氮比以及NO_3~-顯著相關(guān)。毛竹林土壤細(xì)菌群落主要受土壤p H和NO_3~-等的影響。研究結(jié)果表明集約經(jīng)營和適量的氮沉降增加了土壤微生物生物量,降低了多樣性,生物炭的添加改變了土壤微生物生物量和多樣性,緩解了氮沉降對毛竹林土壤微生物生物量的積極作用和多樣性的消極作用,從而為全面認(rèn)識毛竹林土壤生態(tài)系統(tǒng)對氮沉降、生物炭及經(jīng)營方式的響應(yīng)提供了重要參考。
[Abstract]:Soil microorganisms play a key role in biogeochemical cycle. Nitrogen deposition, biochar and management mode will affect the number and diversity of soil microorganisms, and then affect the material cycle and energy flow of soil. Therefore, the biochar with different gradients (0 t ha~ (- 1), BC0,20 t ha~ (- 1), BC20 and 40 t ha~ (- 1) have been studied by high throughput technique. Effects of BC40) and nitrogen deposition (0, 30, 60 and 90 kg N ha~ (- 1) yr~ (- 1) on soil microbial biomass and diversity of Phyllostachys pubescens forest. The main results are as follows: (1) compared with extensive management, soil microbial biomass carbon and microbial diversity of Phyllostachys pubescens forest decreased significantly under intensive management. The relative abundance of Actinobacteria and Proteobacteria under intensive management was significantly higher than that under extensive management. (2) nitrogen deposition increased soil microbial biomass carbon (MBC), decreased soil microbial diversity and changed soil bacterial structure. The MBC of Phyllostachys pubescens forest increased at first and then decreased with the increase of nitrogen deposition. High nitrogen treatment (N90) significantly decreased soil microbial diversity (P 0.05), increased the relative abundance of Proteobacteria and Crenarchaeota, and decreased the relative abundance of Acidobacteria and Verrucomicrobia. (3) BC20 significantly increased MBC and soil microbial diversity (P 0.05). BC40 significantly decreased MBC, but had no significant effect on soil microbial diversity. (4) adding biochar decreased the positive effect of nitrogen deposition on soil MBC of Phyllostachys pubescens forest and alleviated the negative effect of nitrogen deposition on soil bacterial diversity. Compared with those without biochar, the MBC of BC20 combined with nitrogen deposition decreased by 6.9% and 25.7%, and the diversity increased by 5.9% and 9.7%. (5) the change of soil microbial community was closely related to soil physical and chemical properties. Soil MBC in Phyllostachys pubescens forest was significantly correlated with soil pH, while microbial diversity was significantly correlated with soil total nitrogen (TN), C / N ratio and NO_3~-. The soil bacterial community of Phyllostachys pubescens forest was mainly affected by soil pH and NO_3~-. The results showed that intensive management and proper nitrogen deposition increased soil microbial biomass and decreased diversity, and the addition of biochar changed soil microbial biomass and diversity. The positive effect of nitrogen deposition on soil microbial biomass and the negative effect of diversity on soil microbial biomass of Phyllostachys pubescens forest were alleviated, which provided an important reference for understanding the response of soil ecosystem of Phyllostachys pubescens forest to nitrogen deposition, biochar and management mode.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：浙江農(nóng)林大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：S714.3

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