【摘要】：測土配方施肥是科學(xué)施肥體系的核心技術(shù),該技術(shù)的推廣應(yīng)用可以改良土壤、培肥地力、減少面源污染、保護農(nóng)業(yè)環(huán)境,實現(xiàn)節(jié)本增效。雷竹(Phyllostachy praecox f.prevernalis)是重要的筍用竹種,原產(chǎn)于浙江臨安、余杭、德清,人工經(jīng)營過程中的盲目施肥,造成林地土壤退化,竹林衰敗等現(xiàn)象,因此開展雷竹測土配方施肥技術(shù)研究及推廣顯得尤為重要。本研究采集了臨安市太湖源鎮(zhèn)雷竹林土壤樣品239個,測定了土壤有機碳、堿解氮、有效磷、有效鉀、pH值等5個指標,應(yīng)用單一指標法和線性平均法對其肥力進行分級。結(jié)果表明,太湖源鎮(zhèn)雷竹林地土壤綜合肥力一、二、三、四等級分別占9%、22%、30%和39%;土壤障礙因素主要表現(xiàn)為土壤酸化、氮磷鉀養(yǎng)分超負荷累積及養(yǎng)分不平衡。采用問卷調(diào)查法(有效問卷257份)研究了農(nóng)戶對測土配方施肥技術(shù)的認知、需求情況。結(jié)果表明,89.1%的農(nóng)戶了解雷竹測土配方施肥技術(shù),其中60.7%通過政府宣傳渠道獲知;52.8%的農(nóng)戶認為多學(xué)一門技術(shù)有好處。今后在雷竹林地管理中需大力推廣應(yīng)用測土配方施肥技術(shù),主要措施包括施用生石灰以減輕土壤酸化,施用雷竹專用肥并控制肥料用量,少施或不施磷肥;加土改造,合理覆蓋和母竹留養(yǎng)等農(nóng)藝措施。在技術(shù)的推廣過程中需加強宣傳,完善鎮(zhèn)、村二級農(nóng)技推廣網(wǎng)絡(luò),建立檢查督促制度,爭取各方財政資金投入等政策措施。
[Abstract]:Soil testing and formula fertilizer is the core technology of scientific fertilizer system. The popularization and application of this technology can improve soil, cultivate soil fertility, reduce non-point source pollution, protect agricultural environment, and achieve cost saving and efficiency. (Phyllostachy praecox f.prevernalis (Phyllostachys pubescens) is an important bamboo species, originated in Linan, Yuhang, Deqing, Zhejiang Province, resulting in forest land soil degradation, bamboo forest decline and other phenomena. Therefore, it is particularly important to carry out the research and popularization of soil testing and formula fertilizer technology of Phyllostachys pubescens. In this study, 239 soil samples of Phyllostachys pubescens forest in Taihuyuan Town, Linan City were collected. Five indexes, such as soil organic carbon, alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen, available phosphorus, available potassium and pH value, were determined and their fertility was graded by single index method and linear average method. The results showed that the soil comprehensive fertility of Phyllostachys pubescens forest in Taihuyuan Town accounted for 9%, 22%, 30% and 39%, respectively, and the main soil obstacle factors were soil acidizing, accumulation of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium nutrients overload and nutrient imbalance. A questionnaire survey (257 valid questionnaires) was used to study the cognition and demand of farmers on soil testing and formula fertilizer technology. The results showed that 89.1% of the farmers knew about the soil testing and formula fertilizer technology of Phyllostachys pubescens, of which 60.7% were learned through the government propaganda channel, and 52.8% of the farmers thought it would be beneficial to learn one more technology. In the future, it is necessary to popularize and apply soil testing formula fertilizer technology in land management of Phyllostachys pubescens forest. The main measures include the application of quicklime to reduce soil acidizing, the application of special fertilizer for Phyllostachys pubescens and the control of fertilizer dosage, and the application of less or no phosphate fertilizer. Agronomical measures such as soil addition, reasonable mulching and keeping of mother bamboo. In the process of technology popularization, it is necessary to strengthen propaganda, perfect the secondary agricultural technology extension network of town and village, establish the inspection and supervision system, and strive for the input of financial funds from all parties.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：浙江農(nóng)林大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：S795;S714.8

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