【摘要】：變量施液態(tài)肥技術(shù)得以快速發(fā)展的原因在于其能夠顯著提高化學(xué)肥料的利用率。通過實施按需變量施入,能夠有效地緩解由于化學(xué)肥料不正確施入帶來的環(huán)境污染問題,起到降低農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)成本的積極作用。因此,變量施液態(tài)肥技術(shù)成為現(xiàn)代農(nóng)機(jī)裝備領(lǐng)域的重點(diǎn)研究內(nèi)容。本研究以提高化肥利用率為目標(biāo),農(nóng)機(jī)農(nóng)藝知識融合,理論分析、臺架試驗與田間試驗結(jié)合,研究變量施肥控制系統(tǒng)關(guān)鍵技術(shù)。課題研究分為四部分:上位機(jī)終端控制器、信號通訊模塊、下位機(jī)施肥控制器以及變量施液態(tài)肥施肥裝置。主要研究內(nèi)容如下:(1)以車載終端控制器為系統(tǒng)研發(fā)基礎(chǔ),其中包括地理位置信息采集、處方圖信息查詢、目標(biāo)施肥量計算、位置滯后模型修正,研究并開發(fā)了基于Win CE嵌入式一體觸摸屏控制軟件。(2)以通訊模塊為系統(tǒng)的樞紐,其中包括RS-232串口與車載計算機(jī)進(jìn)行通信,MAX485與下位機(jī)施肥控制器的通訊連接并采用異步傳輸?shù)耐ㄐ欧绞�。車載終端計算機(jī)對下位機(jī)閉環(huán)控制器采用了串口中斷的通信方式。(3)以下位機(jī)施肥控制器作為系統(tǒng)研發(fā)的主要內(nèi)容,其中包括接收并調(diào)節(jié)控制信號、驅(qū)動閥口電路、對比計算反饋信號,研發(fā)了基于單片機(jī)變量施液態(tài)肥控制器。(4)以施肥裝置作為系統(tǒng)的執(zhí)行部分,包括柴油機(jī)、施肥泵、電控壓力調(diào)節(jié)閥、流量計、壓力調(diào)節(jié)閥,研發(fā)了施肥裝置。(5)通過MATLAB軟件對下位機(jī)控制系統(tǒng)各模塊建立模型,并用simulink模塊對系統(tǒng)工作過程進(jìn)行模擬仿真,結(jié)果表明,變量施液態(tài)肥控制系統(tǒng)工作穩(wěn)定,具有可行性。(6)對變量施液態(tài)肥裝置控制系統(tǒng)性能進(jìn)行試驗研究,分別實施了基于液壓系統(tǒng)為動力源和基于電動機(jī)為動力源的變量施液態(tài)肥裝置控制系統(tǒng)性能臺架試驗及基于柴油機(jī)為動力源的變量施液態(tài)肥裝置控制系統(tǒng)性能田間試驗。對施肥裝置的穩(wěn)定性、施肥均勻性、施肥精度進(jìn)行測試。試驗結(jié)果表明,變量施液態(tài)肥控制系統(tǒng)性能滿足設(shè)計要求。
[Abstract]:The reason for the rapid development of variable liquid fertilizer technology is that it can significantly improve the utilization rate of chemical fertilizer. Through the application of on-demand variables, the problem of environmental pollution caused by incorrect application of chemical fertilizer can be effectively alleviated, and the cost of agricultural production can be reduced. Therefore, variable application of liquid fertilizer technology has become the key research content in the field of modern agricultural machinery and equipment. In order to improve the utilization rate of chemical fertilizer, the key technologies of variable rate fertilizer control system were studied by the integration of agronomical knowledge, theoretical analysis, bench test and field experiment. The research is divided into four parts: upper computer terminal controller, signal communication module, lower computer fertilizer controller and variable application liquid fertilizer device. The main research contents are as follows: (1) based on the vehicle terminal controller, including geographical position information collection, prescription map information query, target fertilizer amount calculation, position lag model correction, The embedded touch screen control software based on Win CE is studied and developed. (2) the communication module is used as the hub of the system, including RS-232 serial port and on-board computer communication. The communication between MAX485 and the fertilizer controller of the lower computer is connected and the asynchronous transmission mode is adopted. The vehicle terminal computer adopts the serial port interrupt communication mode to the lower computer closed-loop controller. (3) the following computer fertilizing controller is the main content of the system research and development, including receiving and adjusting the control signal and driving the valve port circuit. The liquid fertilizer controller based on single chip microcomputer variable application is developed by comparing and calculating the feedback signal. (4) the fertilizer application device is used as the executive part of the system, including diesel engine, fertilizer pump, electronic control pressure regulating valve, Flowmeter, pressure regulating valve, The fertilizer application device has been developed. (5) the model of each module of the lower computer control system is established by MATLAB software, and the working process of the system is simulated by simulink module. The results show that the variable application liquid fertilizer control system works stably. It is feasible. (6) the performance of the control system of variable liquid fertilizer application device is tested and studied. The performance test of variable liquid fertilizer device control system based on hydraulic system and motor as power source and field test of variable liquid fertilizer device control system based on diesel engine as power source are carried out respectively. The stability, uniformity and precision of fertilizer application were tested. The experimental results show that the performance of the variable application liquid fertilizer control system meets the design requirements.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：東北農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：S224.2

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