【摘要】：土壤是生態(tài)系統(tǒng)中生物賴以生存和發(fā)展的最基本、最重要的環(huán)境要素,它不但是農作物生產(chǎn)的承擔者,而且也為人類提供了舒適的生態(tài)環(huán)境。中國人多地少,面對生存和發(fā)展的重壓,土壤的研究顯得尤為重要。本文利用電感耦合等離子體質譜結合傅里葉變換紅外光譜對云南不同類型土壤的常、微量元素和紅外光譜進行了分析。利用電感耦合等離子體質譜(ICP-MS)法檢測云南農田土壤常、微量元素(P、K、Ca、Mg、Cu、Fe、Zn、Mn)的含量。結果顯示:云南農田土壤中速效P、速效K含量處于平衡,速效Ca、速效Mg虧缺,速效Cu、速效Fe、速效Zn、速效Mn等微量元素盈余。在不同地貌下,農田土壤的常、微量元素分布存在著差異,其中滇中地區(qū)土壤的速效Zn、速效Fe和速效Mn含量顯著高于滇東地區(qū)和滇西地區(qū);速效K、速效Ca、速效P的含量從滇西至滇東有逐漸下降的趨勢;而速效Cu的含量則從滇西到滇東有逐漸上升的趨勢。利用電感耦合等離子體質譜法(ICP-MS)和傅里葉變換紅外光譜(FTIR)對云南省元謀土林風景區(qū)7種不同顏色土壤進行分析。ICP-MS測試結果顯示,元謀土林土壤中的速效磷、速效鉀、速效鈣、速效鎂、速效銅、速效鐵、速效鋅、速效錳等多種無機礦物元素含量豐富,且不同顏色土壤的常量與微量元素含量不同。速效磷、速效鉀、速效鎂、速效銅、速效鐵、速效鋅、速效錳含量均與速效鈣呈顯著的負相關關系。7種土壤的紅外光譜非常相似,3698,3621,1032,798,779,694 cm-1峰以及470 cm-1峰是主要的特征吸收峰。7種土壤的紅外光譜顯示,其礦物成分以石英為主,還含有少量的磷酸鹽、金屬氧化物等成分。應用傅里葉變換紅外光譜結合化學計量學對云南5種類型的土壤進行分析。結果顯示,5種類型土壤的紅外光譜整體相似,而二階導數(shù)光譜在1200-700cm-1范圍差異明顯。選取此波數(shù)范圍內的光譜數(shù)據(jù)對土壤樣品進行主成份分析和聚類分析。主成份分析的分類正確率達到100%,聚類分析的正確率為100%。表明傅里葉變換紅外光譜技術結合多元統(tǒng)計分析的方法能夠對不同類型的土壤進行鑒別分析。研究結果表明,電感耦合等離子體質譜結合傅里葉變換紅外光譜為土壤的成分分析研究提供了一種簡易可靠的方法。
[Abstract]:Soil is the most basic and important environmental factor for the survival and development of organisms in the ecosystem. It is not only the bearer of crop production, but also provides a comfortable ecological environment for human beings. There are more people and less land in China. In the face of the pressure of survival and development, the study of soil is particularly important. In this paper, inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) were used to analyze the common and trace elements and infrared spectra of different types of soils in Yunnan. Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) was used to determine the contents of trace elements (P, K, Ca, mg, Fe, Zn, mn) in farmland soils of Yunnan Province. The results showed that the content of available P and available K in farmland soil of Yunnan Province was balanced, the content of available Mg in available Ca, was deficient, and the surplus of trace elements such as quick-acting Cu, quick-acting Fe, quick-acting Zn, and quick-acting Mn was found in the soil of Yunnan Province. The distribution of trace elements in farmland soils was different under different geomorphology, and the contents of available Zn, available Fe and available Mn in soils in central Yunnan were significantly higher than those in eastern Yunnan and western Yunnan. The content of available K and quick-impact Ca, quick-impact P decreased gradually from western Yunnan to eastern Yunnan, while the content of available Cu increased gradually from western Yunnan to eastern Yunnan. Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy) were used to analyze seven different color soils in Yuanmou soil forest scenic spot of Yunnan Province. ICP-MS test results showed that available phosphorus in Yuanmou soil forest soil. Available potassium, available calcium, available magnesium, available copper, available iron, available zinc, available manganese and other inorganic mineral elements are rich in available potassium, available calcium, available magnesium, available copper, available iron, available zinc, available manganese and other inorganic mineral elements, and the contents of constant and trace elements in different color soils are different. The contents of available phosphorus, available potassium, available magnesium, available copper, available iron, available zinc and available manganese were negatively correlated with available calcium. The infrared spectra of seven soils were very similar. The main characteristic absorption peaks are 3698, 3621, 1032798779694 cm-1 and 4708. the infrared spectra of seven soils show that the mineral composition of the seven soils is mainly quartz, but also contains a small amount of phosphate, metal oxides and so on. Five types of soils in Yunnan were analyzed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) combined with chemometrics. The results showed that the infrared spectra of the five types of soils were similar, while the second derivative spectra were significantly different in the 1200-700cm-1 range. The spectral data in this wavenumber range were selected for principal component analysis and cluster analysis of soil samples. The classification accuracy of principal component analysis is 100%, and that of cluster analysis is 100%. The results show that Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy combined with multivariate statistical analysis can identify and analyze different types of soil. The results show that inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry combined with Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy provides a simple and reliable method for soil composition analysis.
【學位授予單位】：云南師范大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：S153.6

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