【摘要】：生物土壤結(jié)皮對荒漠生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的維持與改良發(fā)揮著重要作用。土壤微生物可敏感地指示土壤質(zhì)量,是衡量荒漠區(qū)生態(tài)健康程度的重要生物學(xué)特征,而對荒漠區(qū)生物土壤結(jié)皮與土壤微生物關(guān)系知之甚少。本研究設(shè)計了兩組對比試驗。一組以騰格里沙漠東南緣的1956、1964、1981、1991年的植被固沙區(qū)結(jié)皮下的沙丘土壤為對象,以流沙區(qū)和天然植被區(qū)為對照。另一組以植被固沙區(qū)人為干擾生物土壤結(jié)皮下的沙丘土壤為研究對象,以未干擾結(jié)皮下的沙丘土壤為對照。結(jié)果表明:騰格里沙漠東南緣植被固沙區(qū)的藻-地衣和蘚類結(jié)皮均可顯著提高土壤可培養(yǎng)微生物的數(shù)量和基礎(chǔ)呼吸(P0.05);適度人為干擾生物土壤結(jié)皮不會顯著影響土壤可培養(yǎng)微生物的數(shù)量和基礎(chǔ)呼吸,而嚴重人為干擾結(jié)皮可顯著降低土壤可培養(yǎng)微生物的數(shù)量和基礎(chǔ)呼吸,指示嚴重人為干擾結(jié)皮可導(dǎo)致荒漠區(qū)土壤質(zhì)量下降;土壤可培養(yǎng)微生物的數(shù)量和基礎(chǔ)呼吸也因結(jié)皮演替階段的不同而有所不同,演替晚期的蘚類結(jié)皮下土壤微生物數(shù)量和基礎(chǔ)呼吸顯著高于演替早期的藻-地衣結(jié)皮(P0.05);土壤可培養(yǎng)微生物的數(shù)量和土壤基礎(chǔ)呼吸與固沙年限均存在顯著的正相關(guān)關(guān)系,隨著沙丘固沙年限的增加,結(jié)皮層增厚,結(jié)皮下土壤微生物數(shù)量及基礎(chǔ)呼吸顯著增加(P0.05);生物土壤結(jié)皮下土壤可培養(yǎng)微生物數(shù)量和基礎(chǔ)呼吸呈現(xiàn)顯著的季節(jié)變化,表現(xiàn)為夏季秋季和春季冬季。因此,騰格里沙漠東南緣植被固沙區(qū)的生物土壤結(jié)皮提高了土壤微生物數(shù)量和活性,表明生物土壤結(jié)皮有利于荒漠區(qū)土壤及荒漠生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的恢復(fù)。
[Abstract]:Biological soil crust plays an important role in the maintenance and improvement of desert ecosystem. Soil microorganisms can sensitively indicate soil quality and are important biological characteristics to measure the degree of ecological health in desert areas, but little is known about the relationship between biological soil crusts and soil microorganisms in desert areas. In this study, two groups of comparative experiments were designed. In one group, the sand dune soil under the crust in the vegetation sand fixation area in 1956, 1964, 1981 and 1991 in the southeast edge of Tenggli Desert was taken as the object, and the flowing sand area and the natural vegetation area were taken as the control. In the other group, the sand dune soil under the crust of biological soil was artificially disturbed by vegetation sand fixation area, and the sand dune soil which did not interfere with the crust was taken as the control group. The results showed that algae lichen and moss crust in the sand fixation area of the southeast margin of Tenggli Desert could significantly increase the number of culturable microorganisms and basic respiration of soil (P 0.05). Moderate artificial disturbance of biological soil crust did not significantly affect the number and basic respiration of culturable microorganisms in soil, while serious human disturbance of crust could significantly reduce the number and basic respiration of culturable microorganisms in soil. It is indicated that serious human interference with crust can lead to the decline of soil quality in desert areas. The number and basic respiration of culturable microorganisms in soil varied with the stage of crust succession. The number of soil microorganisms and basic respiration in the late stage of succession were significantly higher than those in the early stage of succession (P 0.05). There was a significant positive correlation between the number of culturable microorganisms and the number of soil basic respiration and the number of sand fixation years. With the increase of sand fixation years in sand dunes, the crust thickened. The number of soil microorganisms and basic respiration increased significantly (P 0.05). The number of culturable microorganisms and basic respiration in biological soil under crust showed significant seasonal variation, which was summer, autumn and spring and winter. Therefore, the biological soil crust in the sand fixation area of vegetation in the southeast margin of Tenggli Desert increased the number and activity of soil microorganisms, which indicated that biological soil crust was beneficial to the restoration of soil and desert ecosystem in desert area.
【作者單位】： 甘肅農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)草業(yè)學(xué)院;甘肅林業(yè)職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院;天水師范學(xué)院生物工程與技術(shù)學(xué)院甘肅省高校農(nóng)業(yè)微生物重點實驗室;中國科學(xué)院西北生態(tài)環(huán)境資源研究院沙坡頭沙漠試驗研究站;
【基金】：國家自然科學(xué)基金項目(41761057) 甘肅省自然科學(xué)基金項目(1610RJZE133)
【分類號】：S154.3

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