【摘要】：為研究不同地膜覆蓋材料對旱區(qū)谷子的增產效果和機理,利用田間試驗研究不同地膜覆蓋(白色聚乙烯地膜(WP)、白色可降解地膜(WD)和黑色可降解地膜(BD))對土壤水溫、谷子葉片和群體水分利用效率及產量構成的影響。結果表明:1)與對照(CK,露地)相比,各覆膜處理均使0~20cm土層土壤溫度和土壤含水量顯著提高,0~100cm土層的蓄水保墑能力有所增加。其中WP處理的地溫日較差最大,增溫效應最明顯,WD、BD處理依次減弱。WP處理的0~20cm土層保水效果最好。各覆膜處理均使谷子生育前期0~100cm土層的蓄水保墑能力提高,為谷子的需水關鍵期提供了保障。2)各覆膜處理均較CK使谷子的水分利用效率顯著提高。其中,BD處理的葉片和群體水分利用效率表現(xiàn)最佳,WD較WP處理水分利用表現(xiàn)略差。3)各覆膜處理較CK均使谷子產量顯著提高。BD處理產量最高,WP與WD處理產量相當。4)各覆膜處理中,BD處理的雜草防除效果最優(yōu),WP與WD處理效果相當。綜上,在谷子田間生產中,黑色、白色可降解地膜具有替代普通聚乙烯地膜的可行性,黑色可降解地膜在水分利用和雜草防除方面表現(xiàn)更優(yōu)。
[Abstract]:In order to study the effect and mechanism of different plastic film mulching materials on increasing yield of millet in dry area, different plastic film mulching (white polyethylene film (WP),) was studied by field experiment. Effects of white degradable plastic film (WD) and black degradable plastic film (BD) on soil water temperature, water use efficiency and yield composition of millet leaves and populations. The results showed that: 1) compared with the control (CK, open field), each plastic film mulching treatment significantly increased the soil temperature and soil water content of 0~20cm soil layer, and the soil moisture storage ability of 0~100cm soil layer increased. Among them, the diurnal temperature difference of WP treatment was the largest, the warming effect was the most obvious, and the WD,BD treatment weakened in turn. The water retention effect of 0~20cm soil layer treated with WP was the best. All the plastic film mulching treatments improved the water storage and soil moisture conservation ability of 0~100cm soil layer in the early growth stage of millet, which provided a guarantee for the critical period of millet water demand. 2) compared with CK, each plastic film mulching treatment significantly improved the water use efficiency of millet. Among them, the water use efficiency of leaves and populations treated with BD was the best, and that of WD was slightly worse than that of WP. 3) compared with CK, the yield of millet was significantly increased by each plastic film mulching treatment, and the yield of BD treatment was the highest. The yield of WP treatment was similar to that of WD treatment. 4) among the plastic film mulching treatments, BD treatment had the best weed control effect, and WP treatment had the same effect as WD treatment. In summary, in millet field production, black and white degradable plastic film has the feasibility of replacing ordinary polyethylene plastic film, and black degradable plastic film is better in water use and weed control.
【作者單位】： 山西農業(yè)大學農學院;
【基金】：國家自然科學基金(31301269) 國家科技支撐計劃(2014BAD07B01-09) 山西省科技攻關項目(20150311016-2) 山西省重點研發(fā)項目(2015-TN-09) 山西省谷子產業(yè)技術體系2015-06
【分類號】：S152;S515

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