果菇間作系統(tǒng)下紫色土碳氮組分變化特征及其相互關(guān)系研究
發(fā)布時(shí)間：2019-05-19 16:00
【摘要】：柑橘園是三峽庫區(qū)豐富城鄉(xiāng)農(nóng)產(chǎn)品市場,繁榮城鄉(xiāng)經(jīng)濟(jì)的主要來源。三峽庫區(qū)以紫色土為主,紫色土由沉積巖發(fā)育而成,母質(zhì)為紫色砂巖土,物理風(fēng)化強(qiáng)烈,土壤疏松,加上三峽庫區(qū)降雨豐富,暴雨頻發(fā),柑橘園地表植被覆蓋率低,水土流失嚴(yán)重。三峽工程建成之后,大批沿江優(yōu)質(zhì)柑橘園被淹沒,僅剩的柑橘園無法滿足市場和現(xiàn)代果園生產(chǎn)要求,因此開發(fā)了大批幼齡柑橘園。但是傳統(tǒng)的果樹單作模式土壤侵蝕嚴(yán)重、病蟲害發(fā)生頻繁、經(jīng)濟(jì)效益低下。所以尋找一種生態(tài)與經(jīng)濟(jì)效益相結(jié)合的柑橘種植模式意義重大。許多研究表明果園間作系統(tǒng)是一種傳統(tǒng)的土地利用方式和生產(chǎn)方式,它不但充分利用了自然資源,提高了資源的利用效率,具有良好的環(huán)境效應(yīng),而且促進(jìn)土壤碳氮循環(huán)的物理和化學(xué)過程,提高了土壤碳氮利用效率和作物產(chǎn)量。秸稈覆蓋可顯著增加土壤養(yǎng)分,具有截流保肥的效果。但是在三峽庫區(qū)柑橘園將食用菌作為間作作物與施加輔料(腐熟秸稈)結(jié)合研究比較少。本研究以重慶市江津區(qū)慈云鎮(zhèn)柑橘園基地為對象,基于立體農(nóng)業(yè)及秸稈養(yǎng)菇還田理念,充分考慮三峽庫區(qū)柑橘園光熱資源分布規(guī)律,并結(jié)合大球蓋菇生長特性,創(chuàng)新性地提出柑橘園間作大球蓋菇的生態(tài)復(fù)合經(jīng)營模式。試驗(yàn)以輔料(腐熟秸稈)作為培養(yǎng)基料,在紫色土柑橘園中間作大球蓋菇,對比分析正常間作、密植間作、稀疏間作、裸地對照及輔料對照5組處理對紫色土柑橘園上下層(0-10 cm,30-50 cm)土壤中總有機(jī)碳(TOC)及活性有機(jī)碳組分(可溶性有機(jī)碳DOC、易氧化有機(jī)碳ROC、輕組有機(jī)碳LFOC、微生物量碳SMBC)、全氮(TN)、有效氮(堿解氮AHN、銨態(tài)氮NH_4~+、硝態(tài)氮NO_3~-)、酸解氮組分(酸解總氮HTN、酸解氨態(tài)氮AN、酸解氨基酸態(tài)氮AAN、酸解氨基糖態(tài)氮ASN、酸解未知態(tài)氮HUN、非酸解態(tài)氮NHN)等指標(biāo)的影響及其相互關(guān)系,并評價(jià)其對大球蓋菇產(chǎn)量的影響。以期為土壤碳氮循環(huán)、減少水土流失和提升農(nóng)副產(chǎn)品收益的相關(guān)研究提供基礎(chǔ)數(shù)據(jù)和理論支撐,為三峽庫區(qū)優(yōu)質(zhì)柑橘園復(fù)合利用模式及庫區(qū)農(nóng)業(yè)生態(tài)文明建設(shè)提供一種可行性方案。研究結(jié)果表明:(1)柑橘園添加輔料和間作大球蓋菇增加了土壤碳氮含量,提升了土壤質(zhì)量。間作密度和土層顯著影響土壤有機(jī)碳的氮素含量,上層土壤(0-10 cm)碳氮含量顯著高于下層土壤(30-50 cm)。稀疏間作處理更有利于土壤活性有機(jī)碳組分累積和NH_4~+、HTN、AN、HUN的累積,其次是正常間作處理。正常間作處理更有利于TN、AHN、NO_3~-、AAN和ASN的累積,稀疏間作次之。密植間作處理有利于NHN的積累�；钚杂袡C(jī)碳組分和不同形態(tài)氮組分間相互影響,存在不同程度的相關(guān)性,添加輔料、間作密度、土層對柑橘園土壤養(yǎng)分影響顯著。(2)柑橘園碳庫指數(shù)(CPI)和碳庫管理指數(shù)(CMI)受輔料、土層、間作和間作密度影響顯著。間作和輔料對照處理顯著提高上層土壤(0-10 cm)CPI和CMI,正常間作處理CPI顯著高于其他處理,稀疏間作和正常間作處理CMI顯著大于其他處理。間作和輔料對照處理下層土壤(30-50 cm)CPI顯著大于裸地對照處理,輔料對照處理CPI最大,其次是正常間作處理。裸地對照處理CMI顯著大于其他處理,輔料對照處理CMI最小。各處理CPI和CMI差異顯著,可以作為果菇間作系統(tǒng)下土壤碳庫質(zhì)量變化的評價(jià)指標(biāo)。(3)柑橘園土壤不同形態(tài)氮組分間存在不同程度的相關(guān)性,各處理上下層土壤酸解氮組分占全氮的比例差異不顯著。HTN與TN、AN、AAN、ASN、HUN、NHN之間存在顯著或極顯著正相關(guān)性,有機(jī)氮各組分之間也存在顯著或極顯著正相關(guān)性。HTN、AAN含量占TN含量比例偏小,變化范圍分別為54.07%-72.55%、18.55%-25.08%,AN與AAN含量占TN含量比例相近,ASN占TN含量比例最小,NHN占TN含量比例最大。下層土壤(30-50 cm)中各處理HTN、AN、ASN、NHN占比大于上層土壤(0-10 cm),而AAN和HUN占比小于上層土壤(0-10 cm)。(4)添加輔料和間作使柑橘園土壤C/N升高,土壤碳氮存在較穩(wěn)定的耦合關(guān)系。上下層土壤均是輔料對照處理C/N最大,均值分別為13.95、13.70,其次是正常間作處理,均值分別為13.49、12.83,裸地對照處理C/N最小,均值分別為11.63、11.19。土壤C/N總體偏低,土壤微生物分解活動(dòng)能力增強(qiáng),柑橘園土壤有效養(yǎng)分增加。各處理C/N變化范圍較小,上下層土壤C/N相差不明顯,土壤碳氮之間關(guān)系穩(wěn)定。(5)柑橘園添加輔料正常密度間作模式大球蓋菇產(chǎn)量最大。正常間作處理新鮮單菇均重分別比密植間作和稀疏間作處理高1.52 g、1.80 g,新鮮大球蓋菇產(chǎn)量比密植間作產(chǎn)量高5.77 ton/ha,比稀疏間作處理高6.87 ton/ha。正常間作處理單菇鮮重和鮮菇平均產(chǎn)量均高于稀疏間作和密植間作產(chǎn)量,其大球蓋菇外形美觀,產(chǎn)量最高。柑橘/大球蓋菇間作在一定程度上能夠促進(jìn)紫色土土壤中碳氮組分的形成和累積,增加紫色土土壤養(yǎng)分。CPI和CMI可以作為柑橘園添加輔料和間作密度對土壤碳庫質(zhì)量影響的評價(jià)指標(biāo)。柑橘/大球蓋菇間作系統(tǒng)C/N變化范圍較小,存在較穩(wěn)定的耦合關(guān)系。
[Abstract]:The citrus garden is the main source of the rich and rural agricultural products market in the Three Gorges Reservoir area and the prosperity of the urban and rural economy. The Three Gorges Reservoir area is dominated by purple soil, and the purple soil is developed from the sedimentary rock. The mother material is the purple sandstone soil, the physical weathering is strong, the soil is loose, and the rainfall in the Three Gorges Reservoir area is rich, the rainstorm is frequent, the vegetation coverage of the surface of the citrus garden is low, and the water and soil loss is serious. After the completion of the Three Gorges Project, a large number of high-quality citrus gardens along the Yangtze River are submerged, and only the remaining citrus gardens are unable to meet the market and modern orchard production requirements, so a large number of young citrus gardens have been developed. However, the traditional fruit tree has serious soil erosion, frequent occurrence of diseases and insect pests, and low economic benefit. Therefore, it is of great significance to find a kind of citrus planting pattern with the combination of ecology and economic benefit. Many studies show that the intercropping system of the orchard is a traditional land-use method and production mode, which not only makes full use of the natural resources, improves the utilization efficiency of the resources, has a good environmental effect, but also promotes the physical and chemical process of the soil carbon-nitrogen cycle, Improve that utilization efficiency of soil carbon and nitrogen and crop yield. The straw mulching can obviously increase the soil nutrient, and has the effect of cutting off the fertilizer. However, in the citrus garden of the Three Gorges Reservoir, the combination of edible fungi as intercropping and the application of auxiliary materials (decomposed straw) is less. Taking the citrus garden base of Ciyun Town, Jiangjin District, Chongqing as an object, the paper takes full consideration of the distribution law of the photothermal resources in the citrus orchard of the Three Gorges Reservoir, and combines the growth characteristics of the large-ball and the mushroom, based on the concept of the three-dimensional agriculture and the straw-keeping mushroom. In this paper, the eco-complex operation model of the intercropping large-ball and the mushroom in the citrus orchard is proposed. In that experiment, the auxiliary material (decomposed straw) is used as the culture medium material, and a large-ball cover mushroom is used in the middle of the orange garden of the purple soil, and the upper layer (0-10 cm) of the purple soil citrus orchard is treated by comparison and analysis of the normal intercropping, the close-planting intercropping, the sparse intercropping, the naked ground control and the auxiliary material control group 5. 30-50 cm) total organic carbon (TOC) and active organic carbon component (soluble organic carbon DOC, easy-to-oxidize organic carbon ROC, light group organic carbon LFOC, microbial biomass carbon SMBC), total nitrogen (TN), effective nitrogen (alkaline solution nitrogen AHN, nitrite nitrogen NH _ 4-+, nitrate nitrogen NO _ 3--), The effects of acidolysis nitrogen component (total nitrogen HTN, acid hydrolysis ammonia nitrogen AN, acidolysis amino acid nitrogen AAN, acidolysis amino-sugar nitrogen ASN, acidolysis unknown nitrogen HUN, non-acid-free nitrogen NHN) and other indexes were studied and their influence on the yield of the large-ball-covered mushroom was evaluated. In order to provide the basic data and theoretical support for the research of the soil carbon-nitrogen cycle, the reduction of soil erosion and the improvement of the yield of the agricultural and sideline products, a feasible scheme is provided for the compound utilization model of the high-quality citrus garden in the Three Gorges Reservoir and the construction of the agricultural ecological civilization in the reservoir area. The results showed that (1) the addition of the auxiliary materials and the intercropping of the large-ball-covered mushroom in the citrus orchard increased the soil carbon and nitrogen content, and the soil quality was improved. The intercropping density and soil layer significantly affected the nitrogen content of soil organic carbon, and the carbon-nitrogen content of the upper soil (0-10 cm) was significantly higher than that of the lower soil (30-50 cm). Sparse intercropping is more beneficial to the accumulation of soil active organic carbon components and the accumulation of NH _ 4 ~ +, HTN, AN and HUN, followed by normal intercropping. The normal intercropping is more beneficial to the accumulation of TN, AHN, NO _ 3 ~-, AAN and ASN. The intercropping of intercropping is beneficial to the accumulation of NHN. The interaction between the active organic carbon component and the nitrogen component of different forms, the correlation of different degrees, the addition of the auxiliary materials, the intercropping density and the effect of the soil layer on the soil nutrient of the citrus orchard were significant. (2) The carbon bank index (CPI) and the carbon bank management index (CMI) of the citrus orchard were affected by the auxiliary materials, the soil layer, the intercropping and the intercropping density. The control of intercropping and auxiliary materials significantly increased the upper soil (0-10 cm) CPI and CMI, and the normal intercropping CPI was significantly higher than that of other treatments, and the intercropping and the normal intercropping of CMI were significantly higher than those of other treatments. The CPI in the lower soil (30-50 cm) was significantly higher than that of the bare ground control, and the control of the auxiliary materials was the largest, followed by the normal intercropping. The CMI was significantly greater than that of other treatments, and the auxiliary control treated the CMI at a minimum. The difference of CPI and CMI is significant, which can be used as the evaluation index of the quality change of soil carbon bank under the intercropping system of the fruiting body. (3) There was a different degree of correlation among the different nitrogen components in the soil of the citrus orchard, and the difference of the total nitrogen in the soil acidolysis and nitrogen components of the upper and lower layers was not significant. There was significant or very significant positive correlation between HTN and TN, AN, AAN, ASN, HUN and NHN, and there was significant or significant positive correlation among the components of organic nitrogen. The content of HTN and AAN in the content of TN is small, the range of variation is 54.07%-72.55%, 18.55%-25.08%, the content of the AN and the AAN is similar to that of the TN, the proportion of the ASN in the TN content is the smallest, and the proportion of the NHN in the TN content is the largest. The ratio of HTN, AN, ASN and NHN in the lower soil (30-50 cm) was greater than that of the upper soil (0-10 cm), while the AAN and HUN account for less than the upper soil (0-10 cm). And (4) adding auxiliary materials and intercropping to increase the C/ N of the soil C/ N and the stable coupling relation of the soil carbon and nitrogen. The mean value of C/ N was 13.95 and 13.70, followed by normal intercropping, and the mean values were 13.49, 12.83 and C/ N, respectively, and the mean value was 11.63 and 11.19, respectively. The soil C/ N is generally low, the soil microbial decomposition activity is enhanced, and the effective nutrient of the soil in the citrus orchard is increased. The change of C/ N in the soil was small, the difference between C/ N and C/ N in the upper and lower layers was not obvious, and the relationship between soil carbon and nitrogen was stable. (5) The yield of the large-ball-covered mushroom with the normal-density intercropping pattern of the addition of the auxiliary materials in the citrus orchard was the largest. The results showed that the yield of fresh single mushroom was 1.52 g, 1.80 g and 5.77ton/ ha higher than that of the intercropping and intercropping, and 6.87 ton/ ha higher than that of the sparse intercropping. The fresh weight and the average yield of the fresh mushroom with the normal intercropping were higher than that of the sparse intercropping and the close-planting intercropping. The formation and accumulation of carbon and nitrogen components in the soil of the purple soil can be promoted to a certain extent, and the soil nutrient of the purple soil is increased. CPI and CMI can be used as an evaluation index for the effect of the addition of auxiliary materials and intercropping density on the quality of soil carbon pools. The C/ N variation range of the intercropping system of the citrus/ large-ball-cap-mushroom intercropping system is small, and the stable coupling relationship exists.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西南大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：S153.6
本文編號：2480856
[Abstract]:The citrus garden is the main source of the rich and rural agricultural products market in the Three Gorges Reservoir area and the prosperity of the urban and rural economy. The Three Gorges Reservoir area is dominated by purple soil, and the purple soil is developed from the sedimentary rock. The mother material is the purple sandstone soil, the physical weathering is strong, the soil is loose, and the rainfall in the Three Gorges Reservoir area is rich, the rainstorm is frequent, the vegetation coverage of the surface of the citrus garden is low, and the water and soil loss is serious. After the completion of the Three Gorges Project, a large number of high-quality citrus gardens along the Yangtze River are submerged, and only the remaining citrus gardens are unable to meet the market and modern orchard production requirements, so a large number of young citrus gardens have been developed. However, the traditional fruit tree has serious soil erosion, frequent occurrence of diseases and insect pests, and low economic benefit. Therefore, it is of great significance to find a kind of citrus planting pattern with the combination of ecology and economic benefit. Many studies show that the intercropping system of the orchard is a traditional land-use method and production mode, which not only makes full use of the natural resources, improves the utilization efficiency of the resources, has a good environmental effect, but also promotes the physical and chemical process of the soil carbon-nitrogen cycle, Improve that utilization efficiency of soil carbon and nitrogen and crop yield. The straw mulching can obviously increase the soil nutrient, and has the effect of cutting off the fertilizer. However, in the citrus garden of the Three Gorges Reservoir, the combination of edible fungi as intercropping and the application of auxiliary materials (decomposed straw) is less. Taking the citrus garden base of Ciyun Town, Jiangjin District, Chongqing as an object, the paper takes full consideration of the distribution law of the photothermal resources in the citrus orchard of the Three Gorges Reservoir, and combines the growth characteristics of the large-ball and the mushroom, based on the concept of the three-dimensional agriculture and the straw-keeping mushroom. In this paper, the eco-complex operation model of the intercropping large-ball and the mushroom in the citrus orchard is proposed. In that experiment, the auxiliary material (decomposed straw) is used as the culture medium material, and a large-ball cover mushroom is used in the middle of the orange garden of the purple soil, and the upper layer (0-10 cm) of the purple soil citrus orchard is treated by comparison and analysis of the normal intercropping, the close-planting intercropping, the sparse intercropping, the naked ground control and the auxiliary material control group 5. 30-50 cm) total organic carbon (TOC) and active organic carbon component (soluble organic carbon DOC, easy-to-oxidize organic carbon ROC, light group organic carbon LFOC, microbial biomass carbon SMBC), total nitrogen (TN), effective nitrogen (alkaline solution nitrogen AHN, nitrite nitrogen NH _ 4-+, nitrate nitrogen NO _ 3--), The effects of acidolysis nitrogen component (total nitrogen HTN, acid hydrolysis ammonia nitrogen AN, acidolysis amino acid nitrogen AAN, acidolysis amino-sugar nitrogen ASN, acidolysis unknown nitrogen HUN, non-acid-free nitrogen NHN) and other indexes were studied and their influence on the yield of the large-ball-covered mushroom was evaluated. In order to provide the basic data and theoretical support for the research of the soil carbon-nitrogen cycle, the reduction of soil erosion and the improvement of the yield of the agricultural and sideline products, a feasible scheme is provided for the compound utilization model of the high-quality citrus garden in the Three Gorges Reservoir and the construction of the agricultural ecological civilization in the reservoir area. The results showed that (1) the addition of the auxiliary materials and the intercropping of the large-ball-covered mushroom in the citrus orchard increased the soil carbon and nitrogen content, and the soil quality was improved. The intercropping density and soil layer significantly affected the nitrogen content of soil organic carbon, and the carbon-nitrogen content of the upper soil (0-10 cm) was significantly higher than that of the lower soil (30-50 cm). Sparse intercropping is more beneficial to the accumulation of soil active organic carbon components and the accumulation of NH _ 4 ~ +, HTN, AN and HUN, followed by normal intercropping. The normal intercropping is more beneficial to the accumulation of TN, AHN, NO _ 3 ~-, AAN and ASN. The intercropping of intercropping is beneficial to the accumulation of NHN. The interaction between the active organic carbon component and the nitrogen component of different forms, the correlation of different degrees, the addition of the auxiliary materials, the intercropping density and the effect of the soil layer on the soil nutrient of the citrus orchard were significant. (2) The carbon bank index (CPI) and the carbon bank management index (CMI) of the citrus orchard were affected by the auxiliary materials, the soil layer, the intercropping and the intercropping density. The control of intercropping and auxiliary materials significantly increased the upper soil (0-10 cm) CPI and CMI, and the normal intercropping CPI was significantly higher than that of other treatments, and the intercropping and the normal intercropping of CMI were significantly higher than those of other treatments. The CPI in the lower soil (30-50 cm) was significantly higher than that of the bare ground control, and the control of the auxiliary materials was the largest, followed by the normal intercropping. The CMI was significantly greater than that of other treatments, and the auxiliary control treated the CMI at a minimum. The difference of CPI and CMI is significant, which can be used as the evaluation index of the quality change of soil carbon bank under the intercropping system of the fruiting body. (3) There was a different degree of correlation among the different nitrogen components in the soil of the citrus orchard, and the difference of the total nitrogen in the soil acidolysis and nitrogen components of the upper and lower layers was not significant. There was significant or very significant positive correlation between HTN and TN, AN, AAN, ASN, HUN and NHN, and there was significant or significant positive correlation among the components of organic nitrogen. The content of HTN and AAN in the content of TN is small, the range of variation is 54.07%-72.55%, 18.55%-25.08%, the content of the AN and the AAN is similar to that of the TN, the proportion of the ASN in the TN content is the smallest, and the proportion of the NHN in the TN content is the largest. The ratio of HTN, AN, ASN and NHN in the lower soil (30-50 cm) was greater than that of the upper soil (0-10 cm), while the AAN and HUN account for less than the upper soil (0-10 cm). And (4) adding auxiliary materials and intercropping to increase the C/ N of the soil C/ N and the stable coupling relation of the soil carbon and nitrogen. The mean value of C/ N was 13.95 and 13.70, followed by normal intercropping, and the mean values were 13.49, 12.83 and C/ N, respectively, and the mean value was 11.63 and 11.19, respectively. The soil C/ N is generally low, the soil microbial decomposition activity is enhanced, and the effective nutrient of the soil in the citrus orchard is increased. The change of C/ N in the soil was small, the difference between C/ N and C/ N in the upper and lower layers was not obvious, and the relationship between soil carbon and nitrogen was stable. (5) The yield of the large-ball-covered mushroom with the normal-density intercropping pattern of the addition of the auxiliary materials in the citrus orchard was the largest. The results showed that the yield of fresh single mushroom was 1.52 g, 1.80 g and 5.77ton/ ha higher than that of the intercropping and intercropping, and 6.87 ton/ ha higher than that of the sparse intercropping. The fresh weight and the average yield of the fresh mushroom with the normal intercropping were higher than that of the sparse intercropping and the close-planting intercropping. The formation and accumulation of carbon and nitrogen components in the soil of the purple soil can be promoted to a certain extent, and the soil nutrient of the purple soil is increased. CPI and CMI can be used as an evaluation index for the effect of the addition of auxiliary materials and intercropping density on the quality of soil carbon pools. The C/ N variation range of the intercropping system of the citrus/ large-ball-cap-mushroom intercropping system is small, and the stable coupling relationship exists.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西南大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：S153.6
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